1BRE Centre for Innovative Construction Materials, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
2Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering / CICECO- Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
3Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da Di Dio, I-98166 Messina, Italy
4National EPSRC XPS Users’ Service (NEXUS), School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE1 7RU, UK
5Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering/CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal