Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Đánh giá chất lượng đất của không gian xanh đô thị dưới sự tưới nước tái sử dụng lâu dài
Tóm tắt
Nước tái sử dụng được sử dụng rộng rãi cho tưới tiêu cảnh quan với lợi ích là tiết kiệm nước ngọt và cải thiện chất lượng đất. Mẫu đất đã được thu thập từ bảy công viên ở Bắc Kinh, nơi sử dụng nước tái sử dụng để tưới tiêu với lịch sử tưới tiêu khác nhau vào năm 2011 và 2014 nhằm đánh giá tác động lâu dài của tưới nước tái sử dụng lên chất lượng đất. Phương pháp chỉ số chất lượng đất được sử dụng để đánh giá các ảnh hưởng tổng hợp của tưới nước tái sử dụng đến đất. Kết quả cho thấy ảnh hưởng của tưới nước tái sử dụng đến điều kiện dinh dưỡng của đất là hạn chế. So với tưới bằng nước máy, độ mặn của đất cao hơn đáng kể vào năm 2011, trong khi sự khác biệt không đáng kể vào năm 2014; hàm lượng kim loại nặng trong đất cao hơn một chút từ 0,5 – 10,6 % vào năm 2011 và 2014, trong khi các sự khác biệt là không đáng kể. Dưới sự tưới nước tái sử dụng, hoạt động sinh học của đất đã được cải thiện đáng kể trong cả hai năm. Tổng lượng nitơ trong nước tái sử dụng có tác động lớn nhất đến chất lượng đất được tưới bằng nước tái sử dụng. Chất lượng đất tưới bằng nước tái sử dụng tăng lần lượt 2,6% và 6,8% vào năm 2011 và 2014, trong khi mức tăng này là không đáng kể. Chất lượng đất của gần một nửa mẫu đất cao hơn hoặc gần bằng chất lượng đất của rừng tự nhiên ở Bắc Kinh. Chất lượng đất đã được cải thiện ở một mức độ nào đó với tưới nước tái sử dụng lâu dài.
Từ khóa
#nước tái sử dụng #chất lượng đất #tưới tiêu #công viên #tác động lâu dài #Bắc KinhTài liệu tham khảo
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation (2012) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (twenty-second edition). Washington DC, USA
Andrews SS, Carroll CR (2001) Designing a soil quality assessment tool for sustainable agroecosystem management. Ecol Appl 11:1573–1585
Andrews SS, Karlen DL, Mitchell JP (2002a) A comparison of soil quality indexing methods for vegetable production systems in Northern California. Agric Ecosyst Environ 90(1):25–45
Andrews SS, Mitchell JP, Mancinelli R, Karlen DL, Hartz TK, Horwath WR, Pettygrove GS, Scow KM, Munk DS (2002b) On-farm assessment of soil quality in California's central valley. Agron J 94(1):12–23
Andrews SS, Karlen DL, Cambardella CA (2004) The soil management assessment framework: a quantitative soil quality evaluation method. Soil Sci Soc Am J 68(6):1945–1962
Beijing Water Authority, 2013. Beijing water resources bulletin (2013). http://www.bjwater.gov.cn/pub/bjwater/zfgk/tjxx/ (in Chinese)
Bhaduri D, Purakayastha TJ (2014) Long-term tillage, water and nutrient management in rice-wheat cropping system: assessment and response of soil quality. Soil Tillage Res 144:83–95
Brar MS, Khurana MPS, Kansal BD (2002) Effect of irrigation by untreated sewage effluents on the micro and potentially toxic elements in soils and plants. Proc. 17th World Congress Soil Sci. Bangkok, Thailand 198(4): 1–10
Brzezinska M, Stepniewska Z, Stepniewski W (2001) Dehydrogenase and catalase activity of soil irrigated with municipal wastewater. Pol J Environ Stud 10(5):307–311
Candela L, Fabregat S, Josa A, Suriol J, Vigues N, Mas J (2007) Assessment of soil and groundwater impacts by treated urban wastewater reuse. A case study: application in a golf course (Girona, Spain). Sci Total Environ 374(1):26–35
Chen W, Wu L, Frankenberger WT Jr, Chang AC (2008) Soil enzyme activities of long-term reclaimed wastewater-irrigated soils. J Environ Qual 37(5 Suppl):S36–S42
Chen W, Lu S, Peng C, Jiao W, Wang M (2013a) Accumulation of Cd in agricultural soil under long-term reclaimed water irrigation. Environ Pollut 178:294–299
Chen WP, Lu SD, Pan N, Jiao WT (2013b) Impacts of long-term reclaimed water irrigation on soil salinity accumulation in urban green land in Beijing. Water Resour Res 49(11):7401–7410
Chen YD, Wang HY, Zhou JM, Xing L, Zhu BS, Zhao YC, Chen XQ (2013c) Minimum data set for assessing soil quality in Farmland of Northeast China. Pedosphere 23(5):564–576
Chen W, Lu S, Pan N, Wang Y, Wu L (2015) Impact of reclaimed water irrigation on soil health in urban green areas. Chemosphere 119:654–661
de Miguel A, Martinez-Hernandez V, Leal M, Gonzalez-Naranjo V, de Bustamante I, Lillo J, Martin I, Salas JJ, Palacios-Diaz MP (2013) Short-term effects of reclaimed water irrigation: Jatropha curcas L. cultivation. Ecol Eng 50:44–51
Diack M, Stott DE (2001) Development of a soil quality index for the chalmers silty clay loam from the Midwest USA. In Stott DE, Mohtar RH, Steinhardt GC (eds) The Global Farm. Selected papers from the 10th International Soil Conservation Meeting held on May 24–29, 1999 at Purdue University and the USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USA, pp 550–555
Ditzler CA, Tugel AJ (2002) Soil quality field tools: experiences of USDA-NRCS Soil Quality Institute. Agron J 94(1):33–38
Doran JW, Parkin TB (1994) Defining and assessing soil quality. In Doran JW, Coleman DC, Bezdicek DF, Stewart BA (eds) Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. SSSA Special Publication 35, Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison, pp 3–21
Duncan RR, Carrow RN, Huck MT (2009) Turfgrass and landscape irrigation water quality: assessment and management. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Fan YP, Chen WP, Jiao WT, Chang AC (2013) Cost-benefit analysis of reclaimed wastewater reuses in Beijing. Desalin Water Treat 53(5):1224–1233
Guo XY (2006) The ecological effectives and assessment on the lawn irrigated reclaimed water. Master Thesis, Capital normal university, Beijing, pp 35–40. (in Chinese)
Jeong H, Jang T, Seong C, Park S (2014) Assessing nitrogen fertilizer rates and split applications using the DSSAT model for rice irrigated with urban wastewater. AgricWater Manag 141:1–9
Jung K, Jang T, Jeong H, Park S (2014) Assessment of growth and yield components of rice irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. AgricWater Manag 138:17–25
Kang MS, Kim SM, Park SW, Lee JJ, Yoo KH (2007) Assessment of reclaimed wastewater irrigation impacts on water quality, soil, and rice cultivation in paddy fields. J Environ Sci Health Part A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 42(4):439–445
Karlen DL, Andrews SS, Weinhold BJ, Doran JW (2003) Soil quality: humankind’s foundation for survival. J Soil Water Conserv 58(4):171–179
Killham K, Staddon WJ (2002) Bioindicators and sensors of soil health and the application of geostatistics. In: Burns RG, Dick RP (eds) Enzymes in the environment: activity, ecology, and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 392–397
Larson WE, Pierce FJ (1994) The dynamics of soil quality as a measure of sustainable management. In: Doran JW, Coleman DC, Bezdicek DF, Stewart BA (eds) Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison, pp 37–51
Li TF, Liu BY (1989) Mapping of soil background content in Beijing area. Acta Geograph Sin 44(1):11–21 (in Chinese)
Li DS, Yang JS, Zhou J (1996) Measure and conversion of electrical conductivity of the salt affected soil extracts in the Huanghuaihai Plain. Chin J Soil Sci 27(6):285–287 (in Chinese)
Liang F, Tian J (2014) The effects on the leaching liquor in the landscape garden of reclaimed water irrigation. Beijing Landsc Archit 30(3):52–57 (in Chinese)
Masto RE, Chhonkar PK, Singh D, Patra AK (2008) Alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping, fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils of India. Environ Monit Assess 136(1–3):419–435
Nath B, Chaudhuri P, Birch G (2014) Assessment of biotic response to heavy metal contamination in Avicennia marina mangrove ecosystems in Sydney Estuary, Australia. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 107:284–290
Nelson DW, Sommers LE (1996) Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Black CA, Evans DD, Dinauer RC (eds) Methods of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 961–1010
Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA (1954) Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Circular/United States Department of Agriculture No. 939
Pedrero F, Maestre-Valero JF, Mounzer O, Alarcon JJ, Nicolas E (2014) Physiological and agronomic mandarin trees performance under saline reclaimed water combined with regulated deficit irrigation. Agric Water Manag 146:228–237
Qian YL, Mecham B (2005) Long-term effects of recycled wastewater irrigation on soil chemical properties on golf course fairways. Agron J 97(3):717–721
Rahmanipour F, Marzaioli R, Bahrami HA, Fereidouni Z, Bandarabadi SR (2014) Assessment of soil quality indices in agricultural lands of Qazvin Province, Iran. Ecol Indic 40:19–26
Schumacher BA (2002) Methods for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in soils and sediments. Ecological Risk Assessment Support Center, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV
Sevostianova E, Leinauer B (2014) Subsurface-applied tailored water: combining nutrient benefits with efficient turfgrass irrigation. Crop Sci 54(5):1926–1938
Sharma KL, Mandal UK, Srinivas K, Vittal KPR, Mandal B, Grace JK, Ramesh V (2005) Long-term soil management effects on crop yields and soil quality in a dryland Alfisol. Soil Tillage Res 83(2):246–259
Sun H, Mi F, Tian MH, Peng Q (2014) Risk assessment of water supply and demand for urban greening in Beijing. Bull Soil Water Conserv 34(5):1–6 (in Chinese)
Teng Y, Wu J, Lu S, Wang Y, Jiao X, Song L (2014) Soil and soil environmental quality monitoring in China: a review. Environ Int 69:177–199
Ter Braak CJF, Smilauer P (2002) CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows user’s guide: software for canonical community ordination (version 4.5). www.canoco.com
United States Salinity Laboratory Staff (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook 60, Washington D C, USA
Wang A, Crowley DE, Chang A, Wu L (2001) Characterization of soil microbiological community diversity and spatial variability of long term reclaimed wastewater irrigation. American Society of Microbiology, Orlando, p 492
Wang YC, Zhang LN, Gu RZ (2005) Effects of irrigation with reclaimed water on the landscape plants and soil. Beijing Landsc Archit 21(4):6–11 (in Chinese)
Wang M, Markert B, Shen W, Chen W, Peng C, Ouyang Z (2011) Microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities of urban soils in Beijing. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 18(6):958–967
Wang M, Peng C, Chen W, Markert B (2013) Ecological risks of polycyclic musk in soils irrigated with reclaimed municipal wastewater. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 97:242–247
Xia XH, Zhao XL, Lai YJ, Dong HY (2013) Levels and distribution of total nitrogen and total phosphorous in urban soils of Beijing, China. Environ Earth Sci 69(5):1571–1577
Xue WY (2009) Characteristics of soil enzymes and their relationship with physicochemical properties under different forests in Beijing Mountain Area. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, pp 13–33 (in Chinese)
Xue YJ, Liu SG, Hu YM, Yang JF (2010) Soil quality assessment using weighted fuzzy association rules. Pedosphere 20(3):334–341
Yemefack M, Jetten VG, Rossiter DG (2006) Developing a minimum data set for characterizing soil dynamics in shifting cultivation systems. Soil Tillage Res 86(1):84–98
Zhao D, Li F, Yang Q, Wang R, Song Y, Tao Y (2013) The influence of different types of urban land use on soil microbial biomass and functional diversity in Beijing, China. Soil Use Manag 29(2):230–239
Zheng YM, Chen TB, He JZ (2008) Multivariate geostatistical analysis of heavy metals in topsoils from Beijing, China. J Soils Sediments 8(1):51–58
Zhou MZ (2012) The studies on drawing up a requirement for landscaping use soil in Beijing. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, pp 35–39 (in Chinese)