Soil physicochemical dynamics across three alpine meadows differing in the magnitude of grazing pressure: Implications for Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H. Sung et al.

Abdalla, 2018, Critical review of the impacts of grazing intensity on soil organic carbon storage and other soil quality indicators in extensively managed grasslands, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 253, 62, 10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.023 Allen, 1974 Alvarez-Martínez, 2016, The uses of goats grazing to restore pastures invaded by shrubs and avoid desertification: a preliminary case study in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains, Land Degrad. Dev., 27, 3, 10.1002/ldr.2230 Augustine, 1998, Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant communities: herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance, J. Wildl. Manag., 62, 1165, 10.2307/3801981 Bai, 2015, Heavily intensified grazing reduces root production in an Inner Mongolia temperate steppe, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 200, 143, 10.1016/j.agee.2014.11.015 Barry, 1997, Guidelines for describing grazing management and utilization when conducting botanical surveys, 4 Bisigato, 2008, Non-linear relationships between grazing pressure and conservation of soil resources in Patagonian Monte shrublands, J. Arid Environ., 72, 1464, 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.02.016 Black, 1973 Boddy, 2014, Climate variation effects on fungal fruiting, Fungal Ecology, 10, 20, 10.1016/j.funeco.2013.10.006 Cannon, 2009, Steps towards sustainable harvest of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan, Biodivers. Conserv., 18, 2263, 10.1007/s10531-009-9587-5 Chai, 2019, Effects of yak and Tibetan sheep trampling on soil properties in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Appl. Soil Ecol., 144, 147, 10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.07.017 Chen, 2010, Effect of land-use on soil nutrients and microbial biomass of an alpine region on the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Land Degrad, Development (Camb.), 21, 446 Chu, 2004, Fauna sinica, vol. 38, 291 Costa, 2015, Spatial variability of soil organic C, inorganic N, and extractable P in the Mediterranean grazed area, Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 103, 10.1002/ldr.2188 Dalal, 1991, Organic matter and microbial biomass in a vertisol after 20-yr of zero-tillage, Soil Biol. Biochem., 23, 435, 10.1016/0038-0717(91)90006-6 Dong, 2012, Response of soil properties to yak grazing intensity in a Kobresia Parva-meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 12, 535 Drewry, 2006, Natural recovery of soil physical properties from treading damage of pastoral soils in New Zealand and Australia: a review. Agric. Ecosyst, Environ. Times, 114, 159 Gee, 1986, Particle size analysis, 383 Gifford, 1978, Hydrologic impact of grazing on infiltration, Water Resour. Res., 14, 305, 10.1029/WR014i002p00305 Greenwood, 2001, Grazing effects on soil physical properties and the consequences for pastures: a review. Aust, J. Exp. Agric, 41, 1231, 10.1071/EA00102 Grehan, 2021, Observations on ghost moth larvae from isla grande de Chiloe, Chile (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), News of The Lepidopterists’ Society, 63, 6 Hao, 2019, Effects of grazing patterns on grassland biomass and soil environments in China: a meta-analysis, PloS One, 14, 10.1371/journal.pone.0215223 He, 2017, Survey analysis of soil physicochemical factors that influence the distribution of Cordyceps in the Xiahe Region of Gansu Province, Open Life Sci., 12, 76, 10.1515/biol-2017-0008 Hobbs, 1995, 251 Holliday, 2004, Analysis of quality and techniques for hybridization of medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis, Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 6, 147, 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v6.i2.60 Hopping, 2018, The demise of caterpillar fungus in the Himalayan region due to climate change and overharvesting, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am., 115, 11489, 10.1073/pnas.1811591115 Hosseinzadeh, 2010, Short time impact of enclosure on vegetation cover, productivity, and some physical and chemical soil properties, J. Appl. Sci., 10, 2001, 10.3923/jas.2010.2001.2009 Javadi, 2006, Investigation on grazing upon soil parameters at Lar summer rangeland, J. Agric. Sci., 11, 71 Jefferies, 1994, Vertebrate herbivores and northern plant communities: reciprocal influences and responses, Oikos, 71, 193, 10.2307/3546267 Ji, 2020, Impacts of livestock grazing on vegetation characteristics and soil chemical properties of alpine meadows in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ecoscience, 10.1080/11956860.2019.1710908 Lai, 2020, A global metanalysis of livestock grazing impacts on soil properties, PloS One, 15, 10.1371/journal.pone.0236638 Li, 2018, Effects of different grazing intensities on soil C, N, and P in an alpine meadow on the qinghai -Tibetan plateau, China, Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health, 15, 2584, 10.3390/ijerph15112584 Li, 2019, Characterization of humic substances in the soils of Ophiocordyceps sinensis habitats in the Sejila Mountain, Tibet: implication for the food source of Thitarodes larvae, Molecules, 24 Liu, 2021, Response of soil nutrients and stoichiometry to grazing management in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Soil Tillage Res., 206, 104822, 10.1016/j.still.2020.104822 Liu, 2012, Impact of grazing on soil carbon and microbial biomass in typical steppe and desert steppe of inner Mongolia, PloS One, 7, 1 Lu, 2015, Short-term grazing exclusion has no impact on soil properties and nutrients of degraded alpine grassland in Tibet, China, Solid Earth (6), 1195, 10.5194/se-6-1195-2015 Luo, 2015, Impacts of climate change on distributions and diversity of ungulates on the Tibetan Plateau, Ecol. Appl., 25, 24, 10.1890/13-1499.1 Ma, 2016, Comparison of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks at grazing-excluded and yak grazed alpine meadow sites in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, Ecol. Eng., 87, 203, 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.11.040 Magill, 2000, Variation in soil net mineralization rates with dissolved organic carbon additions, Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 597, 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00186-8 Miller, 1990, 60 Mofidi, 2013, Grazing exclusion effect on soil and vegetation properties in Imam Kandi Rangelands, Iran. Arid Land Res. Manag, 27, 32, 10.1080/15324982.2012.719575 Moradi, 2008, Effect of grazing intensities on the soil physical properties and Vegetation cover of Charandoo summer rangelands in Kurdistan Province. Iranian J, Range Desert Res., 15, 369 Neff, 2005, Multi-decadal impacts of grazing on soil physical and biogeochemical properties in southeast Utah, Ecol. Appl., 15, 87, 10.1890/04-0268 Negi, 2006, Yartsa Gumba (Cordyceps sinensis): a call for its sustainable exploitation. Inter. Jr, Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 13, 165, 10.1080/13504500609469669 Negi, 2016, Conserving the caterpillar fungus [Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H. Sung et al]: a case study of habitat ecology and sustainability in district Pithoragarh, Western Himalaya, India. Inter. Jr, Biodivers. Conserv., 8, 196, 10.5897/IJBC2014.0742 Negi, 2015, Rapid vulnerability assessment of Yartsa Gunbu (Ophiocordyceps sinensis [Berk.] G.H. Sung et al) in Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand State, India, Mt. Res. Dev., 45, 382, 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-14-00005.1 Negi, 2014, Yar tsa Gunbu [Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H. Sung et al.]: the issue of its sustainability, Curr. Sci., 107, 882 Parkinson, 1975, A wet oxidation process suitable for the determination of nitrogen and mineral nutrients in biological material, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 6, 1, 10.1080/00103627509366539 Pastor, 1992, Selective foraging and ecosystem processes in boreal forests, Am. Nat., 139, 690, 10.1086/285353 Pratt, 2002, vol. 38, 22 Sarah, 2015, Livestock redistributes runoff and sediments in semi-arid rangeland areas, Solid Earth, 6, 433, 10.5194/se-6-433-2015 Sasaki, 2005, Optimum temperature and pH for mycelial growth of Cordyceps nutans Pat. (Ascomycetes), Inter. Jr. Medicinal Mushrooms, 7, 301, 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v7.i12.270 Scholefield, 1985, Laboratory research on the compressibility of four topsoils from grassland, Soil Tillage Res., 6, 1, 10.1016/0167-1987(85)90002-9 Schulten, 1997, The chemistry of soil organic nitrogen: a review, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 26, 1, 10.1007/s003740050335 Shan, 2011, Seasonally dependent impacts of grazing on soil nitrogen mineralization and linkages to ecosystem functioning in Inner Mongolia grassland, Soil Biol. Biochem., 43, 1943, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.002 Shrestha, 2013, Trade, harvest, and conservation of caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) in the Himalayas, Biol. Conserv., 159, 514, 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.10.032 Statutory Instrument, 1996, The beef special premium regulations 1996. No. 3241, Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament, United Kingdom, 1 Subbiah, 1956, A rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soils, Curr. Sci., 25, 259 Sun, 2018, Grazing increases litter decomposition rate but decreases nitrogen release rate in an alpine meadow, Biogeosciences, 15, 4233, 10.5194/bg-15-4233-2018 Sung, 2007, Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. Stud, Mycol., 57, 5 Taboada, 1993, Influence of trampling on soil porosity under alternate dry and ponded conditions, Soil Use Manag., 9, 139, 10.1111/j.1475-2743.1993.tb00943.x Tarhouni, 2015, Long-term changes in plant life form as a consequence of grazing exclusion under arid climatic conditions, Land Degrad. Dev. Van Haveren, 1983, Soil bulk density as influenced by grazing intensity and soil type on a shortgrass prairie site, J. Range Manag., 36, 586, 10.2307/3898346 Walkley, 1934, An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method, Soil Sci., 37, 29, 10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003 Wang, 2011, Host insect species of Ophiocordyceps sinensis: a review, ZooKeys, 127, 43, 10.3897/zookeys.127.802 Wang, 2012, Impact of historic grazing on steppe soils on the northern Tibetan Plateau, Plant Soil, 354, 173, 10.1007/s11104-011-1053-y Warren, 1986, Soil response to trampling under intensive rotation grazing, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50, 1336, 10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000050050x Willatt, 1983, Changes in soil physical properties under grazed pastures, Aust. J. Soil Res., 22, 343, 10.1071/SR9840343 Xie, 2016, Effects of grazing intensity on soil organic carbon of rangelands in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, China, J. Geogr. Sci., 26, 1550, 10.1007/s11442-016-1343-7 Xie, 2014, Identifying response groups of soil nitrifiers and denitrifiers to grazing and associated soil environmental drivers in Tibetan alpine meadows, Soil Biol. Biochem., 77, 89, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.06.024 Xu, 2003, Optimization of submerged culture conditions for mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer production by Paecilomyces tenuipes C240, Process Biochem., 38, 1025, 10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00224-8 Yan, 2017, Range shifts in response to climate change of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, Biol. Conserv., 206, 143, 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.12.023 Zarekia, 2012, Grazing effects on some of the physical and chemical properties of soil, World Appl. Sci. J., 20, 205