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Phốt pho hữu cơ trong rừng nhiệt đới thấp
Tóm tắt
Phốt pho được coi là yếu tố hạn chế năng suất sơ cấp trong rừng mưa nhiệt đới, nhưng hóa học của phốt pho hữu cơ trong các hệ sinh thái này vẫn chưa được hiểu rõ. Chúng tôi đã đánh giá thành phần của phốt pho hữu cơ trong đất ở 19 loại đất khác nhau dưới rừng nhiệt đới thấp tại Cộng hòa Panama bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp chiết xuất NaOH–EDTA và phép quang phổ cộng hưởng từ hạt nhân 31P. Các mẫu đất trải dài qua một gradient mưa mạnh (1730–3404 mm/năm) và chứa nhiều loại tính chất hóa học (pH từ 3.3 đến 7.0; carbon tổng cộng từ 2.8 đến 10.4%; phốt pho tổng cộng từ 74 đến 1650 mg P kg−1). Nồng độ phốt pho hữu cơ trong đất dao động từ 22 đến 494 mg P kg−1 và có sự tương quan tích cực với phốt pho tổng trong đất, pH và carbon tổng cộng, nhưng không tương quan với lượng mưa hàng năm. Phốt pho hữu cơ chiếm 26 ± 1% (trung bình ± sai số chuẩn, n = 19) tổng lượng phốt pho, cho thấy đây là một đặc tính nổi bật chung của các loại đất rừng nhiệt đới. Phốt pho hữu cơ chủ yếu tồn tại dưới dạng monoester phosphate (chiếm 68–96% tổng lượng phốt pho hữu cơ) với nồng độ thấp hơn của diester phosphate dưới dạng DNA (chiếm 4–32% tổng lượng phốt pho hữu cơ). Phosphonate, chứa liên kết carbon-phốt pho trực tiếp, chỉ được phát hiện ở hai loại đất (3% phốt pho hữu cơ), trong khi pyrophosphate, một polyphosphate vô cơ có chiều dài chuỗi hai, được phát hiện trong tất cả các loại đất với nồng độ lên tới 13 mg P kg−1 (chiếm 3–13% phốt pho vô cơ được chiết xuất). Monoester phosphate chiếm tỷ lệ lớn hơn trong tổng lượng phốt pho hữu cơ ở các loại đất trung tính có nồng độ phốt pho và chất hữu cơ cao, trong khi tỷ lệ diester phosphate cao hơn ở các loại đất rất acid có nồng độ phốt pho và chất hữu cơ thấp. Hầu hết các mẫu đất không chứa nồng độ có thể phát hiện của cả myo- hay scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate, điều này tương phản rõ rệt với nhiều loại đất khoáng ôn đới chứa nhiều phosphate inositol. Chúng tôi kết luận rằng các thuộc tính của đất ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ đến lượng và hình thức của phốt pho hữu cơ trong đất ở rừng mưa nhiệt đới, nhưng tỷ lệ tổng lượng phốt pho ở dạng hữu cơ tương đối không nhạy cảm với sự biến đổi khí hậu và các thuộc tính của đất. Cần có thêm nghiên cứu để đánh giá sự đóng góp của phốt pho hữu cơ trong đất đối với dinh dưỡng và đa dạng loài ở các hệ sinh thái phong phú về loài này.
Từ khóa
#Phốt pho hữu cơ; rừng mưa nhiệt đới; hóa học đất; phương pháp chiết xuất; quang phổ hạt nhân; đặc tính đấtTài liệu tham khảo
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