Soil organic carbon stocks in native forest of Argentina: a useful surrogate for mitigation and conservation planning under climate variability

Adhikari K, Hartemink AE, Minasny B, Kheir RB, Greve MB, Greve MH (2014) Digital mapping of soil organic carbon contents and stocks in Denmark. PLoS ONE 9(8):e105519

Bahl A, Hellack B, Balas M, Dinischiotu A, Wiemann M, Brinkmann J, Luch A, Renard BY, Haase A (2019) Recursive feature elimination in random forest classification supports nanomaterial grouping. NanoImpact 15:100179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2019.100179

Balvanera P, Pfisterer A, Buchmann N, He JS, Nakashizuka T, Raffaelli D, Schmid B (2006) Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Ecol Let 9(10):1146–1156

Bannari A, Morin D, Bonn F, Huete A (1995) A review of vegetation indices. Remote Sens Rev 13:95–120

Barbé M, Bouchard M, Fenton N (2020) Examining boreal forest resilience to temperature variability using bryophytes: forest type matters. Ecosphere 11(8):e03232

Battersby SE, Strebe DD, Finn MP (2017) Shapes on a plane: evaluating the impact of projection distortion on spatial binning. Cart Geograp Inf Sci 44:410–421

Bellard C, Bertelsmeier C, Leadley P, Thuiller W, Courchamp F (2012) Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity. Ecol Let 15(4):365–377

Berhongaray G, Alvarez R (2019) Soil carbon sequestration of Mollisols and Oxisols under grassland and tree plantations in South America: a review. Geoderma Reg 18:e00226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2019.e00226

Breiman L (2001) Random forests. Mach Learn 45(1):5–32

Brockerhoff E, Barbaro L, Castagneyrol B, Forrester D, Gardiner B, González-Olabarria J, Lyver P, Meurisse N, Oxbrough A, Taki H, Thompson I, van der Plas F, Jactel H (2017) Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Biodiv Conserv 26:3005–3035

Burke IC, Yonker CM, Parton WJ, Cole CV, Flach K, Schimel DS (1989) Texture, climate, and cultivation effects on soil organic matter content in U.S. grassland soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 53:800–805

Canedoli C, Ferrè C, El Khair DA, Comolli R, Liga C, Mazzucchelli F, Proietto A, Rota N, Colombo G, Bassano B, Viterbi R, Padoa-Schioppa E (2020) Evaluation of ecosystem services in a protected mountain area: soil organic carbon stock and biodiversity in alpine forests and grasslands. Ecosyst Serv 44:101135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101135

Chapin FS, Matson PA, Mooney HA (2002) Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology, principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9504-9

Chen S, Wang W, Xu W, Wang Y, Wan H, Chen D, Tang Z, Tang X, Zhou G, Xie Z, Zhou D, Shangguan Z, Huang J, He J-S, Wang Y, Sheng J, Tang L, Li X, Dong M, Wu Y, Wang Q, Wang Z, Wu J, Stuart Chapin FS, Bai Y (2018) Plant diversity enhances productivity and soil carbon storage. PNAS 115:4027–4032

Creutzburg M, Scheller R, Lucash M, LeDuc S, Johnson M (2017) Forest management scenarios in a changing climate: trade-offs between carbon, timber, and old forest. Ecol Appl 27(2):503–518

D’Orangeville L, Houle D, Duchesne L, Phillips R, Bergeron Y, Kneeshaw D (2018) Beneficial effects of climate warming on boreal tree growth may be transitory. Nat Commun 9:3213

Davidson EA, Trumbore SE, Amundson R (2000) Soil warming and organic carbon content. Nature 408:789–790

Dawud SM, Raulund-Rasmussen K, Domisch T, Finér L, Jaroszewicz B, Vesterdal L (2016) Is tree species diversity or species identity the more important driver of soil carbon stocks, C/N ratio, and pH? Ecosystem 19:645–660

De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Luoto M, Scheffers B, Zellweger F, Aalto J, Ashcroft M, Christiansen D, Decocq G, De Pauw K, Govaert S, Greiser C, Gril E, Hampe A, Jucker T, Klinges D, Koelemeijer I, Lembrechts J, Marrec R, Meeussen C, Ogée J, Tyystjärvi V, Vangansbeke P, Hylander K (2021) Forest microclimates and climate change: importance, drivers and future research agenda. Glob Change Biol 27(11):2279–2297

de Groot RS, Alkemade R, Braat L, Hein L, Willemen L (2010) Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecol Compl 7(3):260–272

Don A, Schumacher J, Freibauer A (2011) Impact of tropical land-use change on soil organic carbon stocks—a meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 17(4):1658–1670

Duarte-Guardia S, Peri PL, Amelung W, Sheil D, Laffan SW, Borchard N, Bird MI, Dieleman W, Pepper DA, Zutta B, Jobbagy E, Silva LCR, Bonser SP, Berhongaray G, Pineiro G, Martinez MJ, Cowie AL, Ladd B (2019) Better estimates of soil carbon from geographical data: a revised global approach. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang 24:355–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-018-9815-y

Duarte-Guardia S, Peri PL, Amelung W, Thomas E, Borchard N, Baldi G, Cowie A, Ladd B (2020) Biophysical and socioeconomic factors influencing soil carbon stocks: a global assessment. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang 25:1129–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-020-09926-1

Farr TG, Rosen PA, Caro E, Crippen R, Duren R, Hensley S, Kobrick M, Paller M, Rodriguez E, Roth L, Seal D, Shaffer S, Shimada J, Umland J, Werner M, Oskin M, Burbank D, Alsdorf D (2007) The shuttle radar topography mission. Rev Geophys 45:R2004. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000183

Fiener P, Dlugoß V, Van Oost K (2015) Erosion-induced carbon redistribution, burial and mineralisation—is the episodic nature of erosion processes important? Catena 133:282–292

Fischer J, Lindenmayer DB, Manning A (2006) Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes. Front Ecol Environ 4(2):80–86

Forest I, Craven D, Connolly J, Loreau M, Schmid B, Beierkuhnlein C, Martijn Bezemer T, Bonin C, Bruelheide H, de Luca E, Ebeling A, Griffin J, Guo Q, Hautier Y, Hector A, Jentsch A, Kreyling J, Lanta V, Manning P, Meyer S, Mori AS, Naeem S, Niklaus P, Wayne Polley H, Reich P, Roscher C, Seabloom E, Smith M, Thakur M, Tilman D, Tracy B, van der Putten W, van Ruijven J, Weigelt A, Weisser W, Wilsey B, Eisenhauer N (2015) Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes. Nature 526:574–577

Frank F, Volante J, Calamari N, Peri PL, González Chávez B, García Martínez P, Casellas K, Mosciaro MJ, Zuliani M, Sirimarco X, Cristeche E, Barral MP, Villarino S, Gaitán J, Zelarayan AL, Monjeau A (2023) A multi-model approach to explore sustainable food and land use pathways for Argentina. Sustain Sci 18:347–369

Frey S, Hadley A, Johnson S, Schulze M, Jones J, Betts M (2016) Spatial models reveal the microclimatic buffering capacity of old-growth forests. Science Adv 2(4):e1501392

Friedlingsten P, Jones MW, O’Sullivan M, Andrew RM, Hauck J, Peters GP, Peters W, Pongratz J, Sitch S, Le Quéré C, Bakker DCE, Canadell JG, Ciais P, Jackson RB, Anthoni P, Barbero L, Bastos A, Bastrikov V, Becker M, Bopp L, Buitenhuis E, Chandra N, Chevallier F, Chini LP, Currie KI, Feely RA, Gehlen M, Gilfillan D, Gkritzalis T, Goll DS, Gruber N, Gutekunst S, Harris I, Haverd V, Houghton RA, Hurtt G, Ilyina T, Jain AK, Joetzjer E, Kaplan JO, Kato E, Klein Goldewijk K, Korsbakken JI, Landschützer P, Lauvset SK, Lefèvre N, Lenton A, Lienert S, Lombardozzi D, Marland G, McGuire PC, Melton JR, Metzl N, Munro DR, Nabel JEMS, Nakaoka S-I, Neill C, Omar AM, Ono T, Peregon A, Pierrot D, Poulter B, Rehder G, Resplandy L, Robertson E, Rödenbeck C, Séférian R, Schwinger J, Smith N, Tans PP, Tian H, Tilbrook B, Tubiello FN, van der Werf GR, Wiltshire AJ, Zaehle S (2019) Global carbon budget 2019. Earth Syst Sci Data 11:1783–1838

Gaitán J, Navarro MF, Tenti L, Pizarro MJ, Carfagno P, Rigo S (2017) Estimación de la pérdida de suelo por erosión hídrica en la República Argentina. Ediciones INTA

Gaitán J, Maestre F, Buono G, Bran D, Dougill A, García Martínez G, Ferrante D, Guuroh R, Lindstaeter A, Massara V, Thomas A, Oliva G (2019) Biotic and abiotic factors controlling soil organic carbon content have similar effects in regional and global drylands. Ecosystems 22:1445–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00348-y

Gitelson AA, Viña A, Ciganda V, Rundquist DC, Arkebauer TJ (2005) Remote estimation of canopy chlorophyll content in crops. Geophys Res Lett 32(8):L08403

Gregorutti B, Michel B, Saint-Pierre P (2017) Correlation and variable importance in random forests. Stat Comput 27:659–678

Guida-Johnson B, Zuleta G (2013) Land-use land-cover change and ecosystem loss in the Espinal ecoregion, Argentina. Agric Ecosyst Environ 181:31–40

Hansen MC, Potapov PV, Moore R, Hancher M, Turubanova SA, Tyukavina A, Thau D, Stehman SV, Goetz SJ, Loveland TR, Kommareddy A, Egorov A, Chini L, Justice C, Townshend R (2013) High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342:850–853

He NP, Wang RM, Zhang YH, Chen QS (2014) Carbon and nitrogen storage in Inner Mongolian grasslands: relationships with climate and soil texture. Pedosphere 24:391–398

Hengl T, Heuvelink G, Tadic M, Pebesma E (2012) Spatio-temporal prediction of daily temperatures using time-series of MODIS LST images. Theor Appl Clim 107:265–277

Heuvelink GB (2014) Uncertainty quantification of GlobalSoilMap products. GlobalSoilMap: Basis of the Global Spatial Soil Information System. Proceedings of 1st GlobalSoilMap Conference: 335–340.

Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Climatol 25:1965–1978. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1276

Hu Q, Sulla-Menashe D, Xu B, Yin H, Tang H, Yang P, Wu W (2019) A phenology-based spectral and temporal feature selection method for crop mapping from satellite time series. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geo 80:218–229

IPCC Climate Change 2021. The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press

Jackson RD, Huete AR (1991) Interpreting vegetation indices. Prev Vet Med 11:185–200

Jobbagy E, Jackson R (2000) The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate vegetation. Ecol Appl 10(2):423–436

Khaziev FK (2011) Soil and biodiversity. Russ J Ecol 42:199–204

Kirschbaum MU (1995) The temperature dependence of soil organic matter decomposition, and the effect of global warming on soil organic C storage. Soil Biol Biochem 27:753–760

Lal R (2011) Sequestering carbon in soils of agro-ecosystems. Food Policy 36:S33–S39

Lamichhane S, Kumar L, Wilson B (2019) Digital soil mapping algorithms and covariates for soil organic carbon mapping and their implications: a review. Geoderma 352:395–413

Lange M, Eisenhauer N, Sierra CA, Bessler H, Engels Ch, Griffiths R, Mellado-Vázquez P, Malik A, Roy J, Scheu S, Steinbeiss S, Thomson B, Trumbore S, Gleixner G (2015) Plant diversity increases soil microbial activity and soil carbon storage. Nat Commun 6:e6707

Leff JW, Wieder WR, Taylor Townsend AR, Nemergut D, Grandy AS, Cleveland C (2012) Experimental litterfall manipulation drives large and rapid changes in soil carbon cycling in a wet tropical forest. Glob Change Biol 18:2969–2979

Lewis SL, Wheeler CE, Mitchard ETA, Koch A (2019) Restoring natural forests is the best way to remove atmospheric carbon. Nature 568:25–28

Li Y, Bruelheide H, Scholten T, Schmid B, Sun Z, Zhang N, Bu W, Liu X, Ma K (2019) Early positive effects of tree species richness on soil organic carbon accumulation in a large-scale forest biodiversity experiment. J Plant Ecol 12(5):882–893

Li J, Pei J, Pendall E, Fang C, Nie M (2020) Spatial heterogeneity of temperature sensitivity of soil respiration: a global analysis of field observations. Soil Biol Biochem 141:107675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107675

Liu XJ, Trogisch S, He JS, Niklaus P, Bruelheide H, Tang Z, Erfmeier A, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Pietsch K, Yang B, Kühn P, Scholten T, Huang Y, Wang Ch, Staab M, Leppert K, Wirth Ch, Schmid B, Ma K (2018) Tree species richness increases ecosystem carbon storage in subtropical forests. Proc R Soc B 285:e20181240

Lorenzo C, Kelly J, Martínez Pastur G, Estenssoro Saaverda F, Lencinas MV (2018) How are Argentina and Chile facing shared biodiversity loss? Int Environ Agree Pol Law Econ 18:801–810

Louhaichi M, Borman MM, Johnson DE (2001) Spatially located platform and aerial photography for documentation of grazing impacts on wheat. Geocarto Int 16:65–70

Ma X, Huete A, Yu Q, Coupe NR, Davies K, Broich M, Ratana P, Beringer J, Hutley LB, Cleverly J, Boulain N, Eamus D (2013) Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics in savanna vegetation phenology across the north Australian tropical transect. Remote Sens Environ 139:97–115

Maciver DC, Wheaton E (2005) Tomorrow’s forests: adapting to a changing climate. Clim Change 70:273–282

Magnano A, Meglioli P, Vázquez Novoa E, Chillo V, Alvarez J, Alvarez L, Sartor C, Vázquez D, Vega Riveros C, Villagra P (2023) Relationships between land-use intensity, biodiversity and carbon storage in an arid woodland ecosystem. For Ecol Manage 529:120747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120747

Malik AA, Puissant J, Buckeridge KM, Goodall T, Jehmlich N, Chowdhury S, Gweon HS, Peyton JM, Mason KE, van Agtmaal M, Blaud A, Clark IM, Whitaker J, Pywell RF, Ostle N, Gleixner G, Griffiths RI (2018) Land use driven change in soil pH affects microbial carbon cycling processes. Nat Commun 9:3591. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05980-1

Martínez Pastur G, Rosas YM, Cellini JM, Barrera MD, Toro Manríquez M, Huertas Herrera A, Favoretti S, Lencinas MV, Peri PL (2020a) Conservation values of understory vascular plants in even- and uneven-aged Nothofagus antarctica forests. Biodiv Conserv 29(13):3783–3805

Martínez Pastur G, Schlichter T, Matteucci S, Gowda J, Huertas Herrera A, Toro Manríquez M, Lencinas MV, Cellini JM, Peri PL (2020b) Synergies and trade-offs of national conservation policy and agro-forestry management over forest loss in Argentina during the last decade. In: Lorenzo C (ed) Latin America in times of global environmental change. The Latin American Studies book series. Springer, Cham, pp 135–155

Martínez Pastur G, Aravena Acuña MC, Cellini JM, Roig FA, Silveira EMO, Von Müller A, La Manna L, González Polo M, Chaves J, Lencinas MV, Radeloff VC, Pidgeon AM, Peri PL (2022) Mapping soil organic carbon content in Patagonian forests based on climate, topography and vegetation metrics from satellite imagery. Remote Sens 14:5702. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225702

Martinuzzi S, Rivera L, Politi N, Bateman B, de Los LE, Lizarraga L, Soledad de Bustos M, Chalukian S, Pidgeon AM, Radeloff VC (2018) Enhancing biodiversity conservation in existing land-use plans with widely available datasets and spatial analysis techniques. Environ Conserv 45:252–260

Martinuzzi S, Radeloff VC, Martínez Pastur G, Rosas YM, Lizarraga L, Politi N, Rivera L, Huertas Herrera A, Silveira E, Olah A, Pidgeon AM (2021) Informing forest conservation planning with detailed human footprint data for Argentina. Glob Ecol Conserv 31:e01787

Mayer M, Prescott CE, Abaker WE, Augusto L, Cecillon L, Ferreira GWD, James J, Jandl R, Katzensteiner K, Laclau J, Laganiere J, Nouvellon Y, Pare D, Stanturf JA, Vanguelova EI, Vesterdal L (2020) Tamm review: influence of forest management activities on soil organic carbon stocks: a knowledge synthesis. For Ecol Manage 466:118127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118127

McBratney AB, Santos MM, Minasny B (2003) On digital soil mapping. Geoderma 117:3–52

Messier Ch, Bauhus J, Sousa-Silva R, Auge H, Baeten L, Barsoum N, Bruelheide H, Caldwell B, Cavender-Bares J, Dhiedt E, Eisenhauer N, Ganade G, Gravel D, Guillemot J, Hall J, Hector A, Hérault B, Jactel H, Koricheva J, Kreft H, Mereu S, Muys B, Nock C, Paquette A, Parker J, Perring M, Ponette Q, Potvin C, Reich P, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schnabel F, Verheyen K, Weih M, Wollni M, Zemp D (2022) For the sake of resilience and multifunctionality, let’s diversify planted forests! Conserv Let 15(1):e12829

Mina M, Messier C, Duveneck M, Fortin MJ, Aquilué N (2021) Network analysis can guide resilience-based management in forest landscapes under global change. Ecol Appl 31(1):e2221

Mori AS, Furukawa T, Sasaki T (2013) Response diversity determines the resilience of ecosystems to environmental change. Biol Rev 88(2):349–364

Mori AS, Lertzman KP, Gustafsson L (2017) Biodiversity and ecosystem services in forest ecosystems: a research agenda for applied forest ecology. J Appl Ecol 54(1):12–27

Nystrom M, Folke C (2001) Spatial resilience of coral reefs. Ecosystems 4:406–417

Oliver T, Roy DB, Hill JK, Brereton T, Thomas CD (2010) Heterogeneous landscapes promote population stability. Ecol Let 13:473–484

Paul EA (1984) Dynamics of organic matter in soils. Plant Soil 76:275–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02205586

Payette S, Frégeau M (2019) Long-term succession of closed boreal forests at their range limit in eastern North America shows resilience to fire and climate disturbances. For Ecol Manage 440:101–112

Peaucelle M, Janssens I, Stocker B, Ferrando A, Fu Y, Molowny-Horas R, Ciais P, Peñuelas J (2019) Spatial variance of spring phenology in temperate deciduous forests is constrained by background climatic conditions. Nat Commun 10:e5388

Peñuelas J, Inoue Y (1999) Reflectance indices indicative of changes in water and pigment contents of peanut and wheat leaves. Photosynthetica 36:355–360

Peri PL, Lasagno R, Martínez Pastur G, Atkinson R, Thomas E, Ladd B (2019) Soil carbon is a useful surrogate for conservation planning in developing nations. Sci Rep 9:3905

Peri PL, Martínez Pastur G, Schlichter T (2021a) Uso sostenible del bosque: Aportes desde la Silvicultura Argentina, 889 pp. Ediciones Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable (MAyDS), Buenos Aires

Peri PL, Lasagno R, Chartier M, Roig F, Rosas YM, Martínez Pastur G (2021b) Soil erosion rates and nutrient loss in rangelands of Southern Patagonia. In: Della SD, Goldstein M (eds) The Encyclopedia of Conservation—Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Capítulo 9. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–8

Peri PL, Rosas YM, López D, Lencinas MV, Cavallero L, Martínez Pastur G (2022) Management strategies for silvopastoral system in native forests. Ecol Austral 32:749–766

Piñeiro G, Paruelo JM, Oesterheld M (2006) Potential long-term impacts of livestock introduction on carbon and nitrogen cycling in grasslands of Southern South America. Glob Change Biol 12:1267–1284

Polyakov V, Lal R (2004) Modeling soil organic matter dynamics as affected by soil water erosion. Environ Int 30:547–556

Post WM, Emanuel WR, Zinke PJ, Stangenberger AG (1982) Soil carbon pools and world life zones. Nature 298:156–159

Rahaman KR, Hassan QK, Ahmed MR (2017) Pan-Sharpening of Landsat-8 images and its application in calculating vegetation greenness and canopy water contents. ISPRS Int J Geo-Inf 6:168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6060168

Rasse DP, Rumpel C, Dignac MF (2005) Is soil carbon mostly root carbon? Mechanisms for a specific stabilisation. Plant Soil 269:341–356

Read QD, Zarnetske PL, Record S, Dahlin KM, Costanza JK, Finley AO, Gaddis KD, Grady JM, Hobi ML, Latimer AM, Malone SL, Ollinger SV, Pau S, Wilson AM (2020) Beyond counts and averages: relating geodiversity to dimensions of biodiversity. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 29:696–710

Rodríguez DM, Schulz GA, Tenti Vuegen LM, Angelini ME, Olmedo GF, Lavado RS (2020) Salt-affected soils in Argentina (1.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6323102

Rosas YM, Peri PL, Lencinas MV, Lizarraga L, Martínez Pastur G (2022) Multi-taxon biodiversity assessment of Southern Patagonia: supporting conservation strategies at different landscapes. J Environ Manage 307:e114578

Rosas YM, Peri PL, Benítez J, Lencinas MV, Politi N, Martínez Pastur G (2023) Potential biodiversity map of bird species (Passeriformes): analyses of ecological niche, environmental characterization and identification of priority conservation areas in southern Patagonia. J Nat Conserv 73:e126413

Safanelli JL, Poppiel RR, Ruiz LFC, Bonfatti BR, Mello FAO, Rizzo R, Demattê JAM (2020) Terrain analysis in google earth engine: a method adapted for high-performance global-scale analysis. ISPRS Int J Geo-Inf 9:400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060400

Saha SK, Nair P, Nair VD, Kumar M (2009) Soil carbon stock in relation to plant diversity of homegardens in Kerala, India. Agrofor Syst 76:53–65

Sala OE (2000) Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287(5459):1770–1774

Sardans J, Peñuelas J (2013) Plant-soil interactions in Mediterranean forest and shrublands: impacts of climatic change. Plant Soil 365:1–33

Schimel DS, Stillwell MA, Woodmansee RG (1985) Biogeochemistry of C, N, and P in a soil catena of the shortgrass steppe. Ecology 66:276–282. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941328

Schmitt S, Maréchaux I, Chave J, Fischer F, Piponiot C, Traissac S, Hérault B (2020) Functional diversity improves tropical forest resilience: insights from a long-term virtual experiment. J Ecol 108(3):831–843

Schulz GA, Rodríguez DM, Angelini ME, Moretti LM, Olmedo GF, Tenti Vuegen LM, Colazo JC, Guevara M (2022) Digital soil texture maps of Argentina (2.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6312654

Secretaría de Gobierno de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación (SAyDS) (2005) Primer inventario nacional de bosques nativos. Proyecto Bosques Nativos y Áreas Protegidas BIRF 4085-AR. Informe Nacional. SAyDS, Buenos Aires, Argentina. pp. 126

Secretaría de Gobierno de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación (SAyDS) (2019) Segundo inventario nacional de bosques nativos (INBN2): Manual de campo. SAyDS, Buenos Aires, Argentina. pp. 88

Seddon A, Macias-Fauria M, Long P, Benz D, Willis K (2016) Sensitivity of global terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability. Nature 531(7593):229–232

Seidl R, Schelhaas MJ, Rammer W, Verkerk PJ (2014) Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage. Nat Clim Change 4(9):806–810

Silveira E, Radeloff VC, Martinuzzi S, Martínez Pastur G, Rivera L, Politi N, Lizarraga L, Farwell L, Elsen P, Pidgeon AM (2021) Spatio-temporal remotely sensed indices identify hotspots of biodiversity conservation concern. Remote Sens Environ 258:e112368

Silveira E, Radeloff VC, Martínez Pastur G, Martinuzzi S, Politi N, Lizarraga L, Rivera L, Gavier Pizarro G, Yin HE, Rosas YM, Calamari NC, Navarro MF, Sica Y, Olah A, Bono J, Pidgeon AM (2022) Forest phenoclusters for Argentina based on vegetation phenology and climate. Ecol Appl 32(3):e2526

Silveira E, Radeloff VC, Martinuzzi S, Martínez Pastur G, Bono J, Politi N, Lizarraga L, Rivera L, Ciuffoli L, Rosas YM, Olah A, Gavier-Pizarro G, Pidgeon AM (2023) Nationwide native forest structure maps for Argentina based on forest inventory data, SAR Sentinel-1 and vegetation metrics from Sentinel-2 imagery. Remote Sens Environ 285:e113391

Sims DA, Gamon JA (2002) Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages. Remote Sens Environ 81:337–354

Socolar JB, Epanchin PN, Beissinger SR, Tingley MW (2017) Phenological shifts conserve thermal niches in North American birds and reshape expectations for climate-driven range shifts. PNAS 114:12976–12981

Steinbeiss S, Beßler H, Engels C, Temperton V, Buchmann N, Roscher Ch, Kreutziger Y, Baade J, Habekost M, Gleixner G (2008) Plant diversity positively affects short-term soil carbon storage in experimental grasslands. Glob Change Biol 14:2937–2949

Stockmann U, Adams MA, Crawford JW, Field DJ, Henakaarchchi N, Jenkins M, Minasny B, McBratney AB, Courcelles V, Singh K, Wheeler I, Abbott L, Angers DA, Baldock J, Bird M, Brookes PC, Chenu C, Jastrow JD, La R, Lehmann J, O’Donnell AG, Parton WJ, Whitehead D, Zimmermann M (2013) The knowns, known unknowns and unknowns of sequestration of soil organic carbon. Agric Ecosyst Environ 164:80–99

Thom D, Rammer W, Dirnböck T, Müller J, Kobler J, Katzensteiner K, Helm N, Seidl R (2017) The impacts of climate change and disturbance on spatio-temporal trajectories of biodiversity in a temperate forest landscape. J Applied Ecol 54(1):28–38

Thom D, Golivets M, Edling L, Meigs G, Gourevitch J, Sonter L, Galford G, Keeton W (2019) The climate sensitivity of carbon, timber, and species richness covaries with forest age in boreal-temperate North America. Glob Chang Biol 25(7):2446–2458

Thuiller W, Lavorel S, Araújo M, Sykes M, Prentice I (2005) Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe. PNAS 102:8245–8250

Trew BT, Maclean I (2021) Vulnerability of global biodiversity hotspots to climate change. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 30(4):768–783

Trivedi P, Singh BP, Singh BK (2018) Soil carbon: introduction, importance, status, threat, and mitigation. In: Singh BK (ed) Soil carbon storage. Academic Press, USA, pp 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812766-7.00001-9

Vågen TG, Winowiecki LA (2013) Mapping of soil organic carbon stocks for spatially explicit assessments of climate change mitigation potential. Environ Res Lett 8:015011

Villarino SH, Studdert GA, Laterra P, Cendoya MG (2014) Agricultural impact on soil organic carbon content: testing the IPCC carbon accounting method for evaluations at county scale. Agric Ecosyst Environ 185:118–132

Villarino SH, Studdert GA, Baldassini P, Cendoya MG, Ciuffoli L, Mastrángelo M, Piñeiro G (2017) Deforestation impacts on soil organic carbon stocks in the Semiarid Chaco Region, Argentina. Sci Total Environ 575:1056–1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.175

Wan Z, Hook S, Hulley G (2015) MOD11A1 MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V006. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. Accessed 2022-09-11 from https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD11A1.006

Yang Y, Mohammat A, Feng J, Zhou R, Fang J (2007) Storage, patterns and environmental controls of soil organic carbon in China. Biogeochemistry 84:131–141

Ye J, Cong L, Liu S, Tian S, Sun H, Luan Y, Bai Z (2023) Climatic variability determines the biological diversity and function of a mixed forest in north-eastern China at the local-scale. Forests 14(1):e98

Zhu Z, Woodcock CE (2012) Object-based cloud and cloud shadow detection in Landsat imagery. Remote Sens Environ 118:83–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.028