Soil calcium and plant disease in serpentine ecosystems: a test of the pathogen refuge hypothesis

Baker AJM, Proctor J, Reeves RD (eds) (1991) The vegetation of ultramafic (serpentine) soils. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Serpentine Ecology, University of California, Davis, 19–22 June 1991. Intercept, Andover

Blaker NS, Macdonald JD (1986) The role of salinity in the development of phytophthora root rot of citrus. Phytopathology 76:970–975

Blumwald E, Aharon GS, Lam BCH (1998) Early signal transduction pathways in plant–pathogen interactions. Trends Plant Sci 3:342–346

Bowen HJM, Dymond JA (1956) The uptake of calcium and strontium by plants from soils and nutrient solutions. J Exp Bot 7:264–272

Boyd RS, Shaw JJ, Martens SN (1994) Nickel hyperaccumulation defends Streptanthus polygaloides (Brassicaceae) against pathogens. Am J Bot 81:294–300

Brac De La Perriere RA, Amir H, Bounaga N (1995) Prospects for integrated control of ‘bayoud’ (Fusarium wilt of the date palm) in Algerian plantations. Crop Prot 14:227–235

Brady KU, Kruckeberg AR, Bradshaw HD (2005) Evolutionary ecology of plant adaptation to serpentine soils. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 36:243–266

Brooks RR (1987) Serpentine and its vegetation: a multidisciplinary approach. Dioscorides, Portland, Ore.

Brooks RR (ed) (1998) Plants that hyperaccumulate heavy metals. CAB International, Wallingford

Burdon JJ, Thrall PH (2000) Coevolution at multiple spatial scales: Linum marginale–Melampsora lini—from the individual to the species. Evol Ecol 14:261–281

Davis MA, Murphy JF, Boyd RS (2001) Nickel increases susceptibility of a nickel hyperaccumulator to turnip mosaic virus. J Environ Qual 30:85–90

Dixon RA, Harrison MJ, Lamb CJ (1994) Early events in the activation of plant defense responses. Annu Rev Phytopathol 32:479–501

Elmer WH (1992) Suppression of Fusarium crown and root rot of Asparagus with sodium chloride. Phytopathology 82:97–104

Elmer WH (1997) Influence of chloride and nitrogen form on Rhizoctonia root and crown rot of table beets. Plant Dis 81:635–640

Elmer WH (2002) Influence of inoculum density of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cyclaminis and sodium chloride on cyclamen and the development of fusarium wilt. Plant Dis 86:389–393

Engelhard AW (ed) (1989) Soilborne plant pathogens; management of diseases with macro- and microelements. APS, St Paul, Minn.

Flego D, Pirhonen M, Saarilahti H, Palva TK, Palva ET (1997) Control of virulence gene expression by plant calcium in the phytopathogen Erwinia carotovora. Mol Microbiol 25:831–838

Flor HH (1954) Flax rust. In: Advances in agronomy, vol 6. Academic Press, New York, pp 152–161

Flor HH (1956) The complementary genetic systems in flax and flax rust. Adv Genet 8:29–54

Gelli A, Higgins VJ, Blumwald E (1997) Activation of plant plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channels by race-specific fungal elicitors. Plant Physiol 113:269–279

Grant M, Mansfield J (1999) Early events in host–pathogen interactions. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2:312–319

Grant M, Brown I, Adams S, Knight M, Ainslie A, Mansfield J (2000) The RPM1 plant disease resistance gene facilitates a rapid and sustained increase in cytosolic calcium that is necessary for the oxidative burst and hypersensitive cell death. Plant J 23:441–450

Hahlbrock K, Scheel D, Logemann E, Nuernberger T, Parniske M, Reinold S, Sacks WR, Schmelzer E (1995) Oligopeptide elicitor-mediated defense gene activation in cultured parsley cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:4150–4157

Hanley JA, McNeil BJ (1982) The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (Roc) curve. Radiology 143:29–36

Hanson B, Garifullina GF, Lindblom SD, Wangeline A, Ackley A, Kramer K, Norton AP, Lawrence CB, Pilon-Smits EAH (2003) Selenium accumulation protects Brassica juncea from invertebrate herbivory and fungal infection. New Phytol 159:461–469

Harding SA, Oh S-H, Roberts DM (1997) Transgenic tobacco expressing a foreign calmodulin gene shows an enhanced production of active oxygen species. EMBO J 16:1137–1144

Jabs T, Tschoepe M, Colling C, Hahlbrock K, Scheel D (1997) Elicitor-stimulated ion fluxes and O2− from the oxidative burst are essential components in triggering defense gene activation and phytoalexin synthesis in parsley. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:4800–4805

Jurjavcic NL, Harrison S, Wolf AT (2002) Abiotic stress, competition, and the distribution of the native annual grass Vulpia microstachys in a mosaic environment. Oecologia 130:555–562

Kleinbaum D (1994) Logistic regression: a self-learning text. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

Kruckeberg A (1954) The ecology of serpentine soils. III. Plant species in relation to serpentine soils. Ecology 35:267–274

Kruckeberg A (1967) Ecotypic response to ultramafic soils by some plant species of Northwestern United States. Brittonia 19:133–151

Kruckeberg A (1984) California serpentines: flora, vegetation, geology, soils, and management problems. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif.

Kruckeberg A (1992) Plant life of Western North American Ultramafics. In: Roberts BA, Proctor J (eds) The ecology of areas with serpentinized rocks. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 31–73

Lamb CJ, Lawton MA, Dron M, Dixon RA (1989) Signals and transduction mechanisms for activation of plant defenses against microbial attack. Cell 56:215–224

Lee J, Rudd JJ (2002) Calcium-dependent protein kinases: versatile plant signalling components necessary for pathogen defence. Trends Plant Sci 7:97–98

Levine A, Pennell RI, Alvarez ME, Palmer R, Lamb C (1996) Calcium-mediated apoptosis in a plant hypersensitive disease resistance response. Curr Biol 6:427–437

Littlefield LJ (1981) Biology of the plant rusts: an introduction. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa

Maas EV (1986) Salt tolerance of plants. Appl Agric Res 1:12–26

MacDonald JD (1984) Salinity effects on the susceptibility of Chrysanthemum roots to Phytophthora cryptogea. Phytopathology 74:621–624

McGuire RG, Kelman A (1984) Reduced severity of Erwinia soft rot in potato tubers with increased calcium content. Phytopathology 74:1250–1256

Mehlich A, Tewari GP (1974) The roles of gypsum (calcium sulfate) in agriculture. United States Gypsum Company Chemical Division, Chicago, pp 1–168

Nachmias A, Kaufman Z, Livescu L, Tsror L, Meiri A, Caligari PDS (1993) Effects of salinity and its interactions with disease incidence on potatoes grown in hot climates. Phytoparasitica 21:245–255

Proctor J, Woodell S (1975) The ecology of serpentine soils. In: Macfadyen A (ed) Advances in ecological research, vol 9. Academic Press, London, pp 255–366

Rasmussen SL, Stanghellini ME (1988) Effect of salinity stress on development of Pythium blight in Agrostis palustris. Phytopathology 78:1495–1497

Real LA, Brown JH (eds) (1991) Foundations of ecology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.

Reddy ASN (2001) Calcium: silver bullet in signaling. Plant Sci 160:381–404

Rediske JH, Selders AA (1953) The absorption and translocation of strontium by plants. Plant Physiol 28:594–605

Rice K (1989) Competitive interactions in California annual grasslands. In: Huenneke L, Mooney H (eds) Grassland structure and function: California annual grassland. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 59–72

Roberts BA, Proctor J (eds) (1992) The ecology of areas with serpentinized rocks. Kluwer, Dordrecht

Romeis T, Piedras P, Jones JDG (2000) Resistance gene-dependent activation of a calcium-dependent protein kinase in the plant defense response. Plant Cell 12:803–815

Sanders D, Pelloux J, Brownlee C, Harper JF (2002) Calcium at the crossroads of signaling. Plant Cell 14:S401–S417

Sanogo S (2004) Response of chile pepper to Phytophthora capsici in relation to soil salinity. Plant Dis 88:205–209

Scheel D (1998) Resistance response physiology and signal transduction. Curr Opin Plant Biol 1:305–310

Sebghati TS, Engle JT, Goldman WE (2000) Intracellular parasitism by Histoplasma capsulatum: fungal virulence and calcium dependence. Science 290:1368–1372

Sharsmith HK (1961) The genus Hesperolinon (Linaceae). In: University of California Publications in Botany, vol 32. University of California, Berkeley, Calif., pp 235–314

Swiecki TJ, Macdonald JD (1991) Soil salinity enhances Phytophthora root rot of tomato but hinders asexual reproduction by Phytophthora parasitica. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 116:471–477

Thompson JN (1994) The coevolutionary process. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.

Thompson JN, Burdon JJ (1992) Gene-for-gene coevolution between plants and parasites. Nature 360:121–125

Tresner HD, Hayes JA (1971) Sodium chloride tolerance of terrestrial fungi. Appl Microbiol 22:210–213

Triky-Dotan S, Yermiyahu U, Katan J, Gamliel A (2005) Development of crown and root rot disease of tomato under irrigation with saline water. Phytopathology 95:1438–1444

Turco E, Naldini D, Ragazzi A (2002) Disease incidence and vessel anatomy in cotton plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum under salinity stress. Z Pflanz Bodenkd 109:15–24

Volpin H, Elad Y (1991) Influence of calcium nutrition on susceptibility of rose flowers to Botrytis blight. Phytopathology 81:1390–1394

Walker RB (1954) The ecology of serpentine soils. II. Factors affecting plant growth on serpentine soils. Ecology 35:259–266

Whittaker R (1954) The ecology of serpentine soils. IV. The vegetational response to serpentine soils. Ecology 35:275–288

Xing T, Wang X-J, Malik K, Miki BL (2001) Ectopic expression of an Arabidopsis calmodulin-like domain protein kinase-enhanced NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative burst in tomato protoplasts. Mol Plant–Microbe Interact 14:1261–1264

Xu H, Heath MC (1998) Role of calcium in signal transduction during the hypersensitive response caused by basidiospore-derived infection of the cowpea rust fungus. Plant Cell 10:585–597

Yamazaki H, Hoshina T (1995) Calcium nutrition affects resistance of tomato seedlings to bacterial wilt. HortScience 30:91–93

Yang T, Poovaiah BW (2003) Calcium/calmodulin-mediated signal network in plants. Trends Plant Sci 8:505–512

Zeiger E, Taiz L (2002) Plant physiology, 3rd edn. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.

Zimmermann S, Nuernberger T, Frachisse J-M, Wirtz W, Guern J, Hedrich R, Scheel D (1997) Receptor-mediated activation of a plant Ca2+-permeable ion channel involved in pathogen defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:2751–2755