Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Hô hấp đất trong các đồng cỏ châu Âu liên quan đến khí hậu và nguồn cung chất đồng hóa
Tóm tắt
Hô hấp đất là luồng carbon (C) lớn thứ hai giữa các hệ sinh thái trên cạn và bầu khí quyển. Nghiên cứu này cung cấp một tổng hợp về hô hấp đất (R_s) ở 20 đồng cỏ châu Âu qua một biên độ khí hậu, bao gồm mười đồng cỏ, tám bãi chăn thả và hai đồng cỏ không được quản lý. Tốc độ tối đa của R_s (R_{{{\text{s}}_{{{\text{max}}}} }), R_s tại nhiệt độ đất tham chiếu (10°C; R_{{{\text{s}}_{{{\text{10}}}} }) và R_s hàng năm (được ước tính cho 13 địa điểm) dao động từ 1,9 đến 15,9 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, 0,3 đến 5,5 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 và 58 đến 1988 g C m−2 y−1, tương ứng. Các giá trị thu được cho các đồng cỏ núi Trung Âu là trong số những giá trị cao nhất được báo cáo cho bất kỳ loại hệ sinh thái nào cho đến nay. Tại tất cả các địa điểm, R_{{{\text{s}}_{{{\text{max}}}} } đã liên quan chặt chẽ đến R_{{{\text{s}}_{{{\text{10}}}} }. Nguồn cung chất đồng hóa ảnh hưởng đến R_s ở nhiều khoảng thời gian từ hàng ngày (nhưng không nhất thiết là hàng ngày theo chu kỳ) đến hàng năm. Việc giảm nguồn cung chất đồng hóa bằng cách loại bỏ sinh khối trên mặt đất thông qua chăn thả và cắt cỏ dẫn đến một sự giảm nhanh chóng và đáng kể của R_s. Những biến động theo mùa không phụ thuộc vào nhiệt độ của R_s ở một bãi chăn thả được quản lý chặt chẽ liên quan chặt chẽ đến sự thay đổi trong chỉ số diện tích lá (LAI). Ở các địa điểm, R_{{{\text{s}}_{{{\text{10}}}} } tăng với nhiệt độ đất hàng năm trung bình (MAT), LAI và năng suất sơ cấp gộp (GPP), cho thấy rằng nguồn cung chất đồng hóa vượt trội hơn so với sự thích nghi tiềm tàng với các nhiệt độ hiện hành. Hơn nữa, R_s hàng năm cũng có liên quan chặt chẽ đến LAI và GPP. Vì hai tham số trên gắn liền với MAT, nhiệt độ là một đại diện thích hợp để suy ra ước tính về R_s hàng năm ở các đồng cỏ được nghiên cứu. Những phát hiện này đóng góp vào việc hiểu biết của chúng ta về các mô hình khu vực của các luồng carbon đất và nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của nguồn cung chất đồng hóa đối với sự phát thải CO2 từ đất ở nhiều khoảng thời gian khác nhau.
Từ khóa
#hô hấp đất #đồng cỏ #khí hậu #chất đồng hóa #CarbonTài liệu tham khảo
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