Các yếu tố xã hội - nhân khẩu học liên quan đến hành vi tự bảo vệ trong đại dịch Covid-19
Tóm tắt
Với vai trò của hành vi con người trong sự lây lan của bệnh tật, việc hiểu rõ những gì thúc đẩy con người tham gia hay tránh xa các hành vi liên quan đến sức khỏe trong thời kỳ đại dịch là vô cùng cần thiết. Bài báo này xem xét các yếu tố liên quan đến việc áp dụng các hành vi bảo vệ sức khỏe bản thân, chẳng hạn như giãn cách xã hội và đeo khẩu trang, vào đầu đại dịch Covid-19 tại Hoa Kỳ. Những hành vi này không chỉ làm giảm nguy cơ nhiễm bệnh của chính cá nhân mà còn hạn chế sự lây lan của bệnh tật tới những người khác. Mặc dù có được hai lợi ích này, nhưng việc áp dụng đồng bộ các hành vi này không được đảm bảo. Chúng tôi tập trung vào vai trò của sự khác biệt về kinh tế - xã hội trong việc giải thích hành vi, dựa trên dữ liệu thu thập vào tháng 4 năm 2020 trong giai đoạn đầu của đại dịch Covid-19. Dữ liệu bao gồm thông tin về thu nhập, giới tính và chủng tộc cùng với các biến số đặc thù liên quan đến đại dịch hiện tại, chẳng hạn như chế độ làm việc và chất lượng nhà ở. Chúng tôi nhận thấy rằng thu nhập cao hơn liên quan đến những thay đổi lớn hơn trong các hành vi tự bảo vệ. Những chênh lệch này được giải thích một phần bởi thực tế là những người có thu nhập thấp hơn thường báo cáo tình huống khiến việc áp dụng hành vi tự bảo vệ trở nên khó khăn hơn, chẳng hạn như không thể làm việc từ xa. Cả ở Hoa Kỳ và những nơi khác, các chính sách giả định sự tuân thủ phổ quát các biện pháp tự bảo vệ—hoặc không tính đến sự khác biệt kinh tế - xã hội trong chi phí thực hiện—khó có khả năng hiệu quả hoặc bền vững.
Từ khóa
#Covid-19 #hành vi tự bảo vệ #khác biệt kinh tế - xã hội #giãn cách xã hội #khẩu trangTài liệu tham khảo
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