Những Thách Thức Về Xã Hội-Kinh Tế và Chính Trị của Các Quốc Gia Thành Viên EU: Nắm Bắt Hướng Đi Chính Sách của Kỳ Thẩm Định Châu Âu

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 64 - Trang 487-519 - 2021
Sara Casagrande1, Bruno Dallago1
1Department of Economics and Management, University of Trento via Inama, 5, Trento, Italy

Tóm tắt

Kỳ Thẩm Định Châu Âu (European Semester - ES) và các khuyến nghị cụ thể cho từng quốc gia (Country-Specific Recommendations - CSR) đã được giới thiệu với mục đích thúc đẩy sự linh hoạt và thích ứng với các điều kiện quốc gia trong việc quản lý các chính sách tài khóa. Để đánh giá xem ES đã có đóng góp vào việc hòa giải giữa các mục tiêu kinh tế và xã hội hay chưa, chúng tôi đã đo lường, thông qua phương pháp điểm khoảng cách đến chuẩn (Distance to Frontier - DTF), khoảng cách của từng quốc gia thành viên so với một chuẩn mực dựa trên các mục tiêu và giá trị của EU được xác định trong các hiệp ước của EU. Kết quả cho thấy rằng các quốc gia thành viên EU còn xa chuẩn mực và các CSR không ngăn chặn sự xuống cấp dần dần của ổn định và gắn kết từ góc nhìn kinh tế, chính trị và xã hội. Phân tích nội dung các CSR được ban hành từ năm 2011 đến năm 2018 và so sánh với các điểm DTF cho thấy một mối liên hệ yếu giữa hiệu suất của các quốc gia thành viên và CSR. Dù nhiều CSR có nội dung xã hội, chúng tôi thực sự quan sát thấy một “sự hàng hóa hóa” mục tiêu của chúng. CSR thúc đẩy một xã hội chức năng cho các thị trường linh hoạt và cạnh tranh, và tương thích với những yêu cầu về kỷ luật tài khóa và bền vững. Cách tiếp cận tân tự do này rõ ràng đã đóng vai trò trong sự xuống cấp của EU và khiến cho việc “xã hội hóa” ES trở thành một quá trình có những hàm ý không rõ ràng đối với công dân châu Âu.

Từ khóa

#Kỳ Thẩm Định Châu Âu #Khuyến nghị Cụ thể cho Từng Quốc gia #Tài khóa #Mục tiêu Kinh tế và Xã hội #Tân tự do #Xã hội hóa

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