Social processes and spatial form: An analysis of the conceptual problems of urban planning

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Langer,Feeling and Form: a Theory of Art (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953). K. Lynch,The Image of the City (Cambridge: The M.I.T. Press, 1960); C. A. Doxiadis,Ekistics (New York: The Oxford University Press, 1968). See D. Harvey,Explanation in Geography (London: Edward Arnold, 1969) and A. Buttimer (Sister Mary Annette, O.P.), “Interdisciplinary Perspective on Social Space,”Geographical Review, LIX, 1969. M. Webber, “Order in Diversity: Community without Propinquity,” in L. Wingo, ed.,Cities and Space: the Future Use of Urban Land (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1963), p. 54. —ibid.. Leven,op. cit.. p. 108. Cassirer,An Essay on Man,op. cit. pp. 42–47 M. H. Segall, D. T. Campbell, and M. J. Herskovits,The Influence of Culture on Visual Perception (Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1966). Harvey,op. cit., Chap. 14. H. Reichenbach,The Philosophy of Space and Time (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958), p. 6. Langer,op. cit.. p. 72. ibid.. p. 93. Sommer,op. cit.. C. Levi-Strauss,Structural Anthropology (English edition; New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1963). D. Lowenthal and H. Prince, “The English Landscape,”Geographical Review, LIV (1964), pp. 304–346. I have reviewed some of these in D. Harvey, “Conceptual and Measurement Problems in the Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Location Theory,” in K. R. Cox and R. G. Golledge, eds.,Behavioral Problems in Geography: a Symposium (Evanston: Northwestern University, Northwestern Studies in Geography, No. 17, 1969). J. Hogg, ed.,Psychology and the Visual Arts (Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books Ltd., 1969). K. Craik, “Human Responsiveness to Landscape: an Environmental Psychological Perspective,” and A. Rapoport, “Some Aspects of the Organization of Urban Space,” in G. J. Coates and K. Moffett, eds.,Response to Environment (Raleigh: North Carolina State University, School of Design, 1968). See for example, Chombart de Lauwe,Paris et L'Agglomeration Parisienne, (Paris: CNRS 1952); S. Keller,The Urban Neighborhood: a Sociological Perspective (New York: Random House, (1969)); T. R. Lee, “Urban Neighborhood as a Socio-Spatial Schema,”Human Relations, November, 1968, pp. 241–267; Steinitz, C., 1968, “Meaning and Congruence of Urban Form and Activity,”Journal of the American Institute of Planners, XXXIV (1968), pp. 233–248. Lynch,op. cit. Lee,op. cit. T. R. Lee, “Urban Neighborhood as a Socio-Spatial Schema,”Human Relations, November, 1968, pp. 241–267; Steinitz,op. cit. Steinitz, C., 1968, “Meaning and Congruence of Urban Form and Activity,”Journal of the American Institute of Planners, XXXIV (1968), pp. 233–248. W. Tobler, “Geographic Area and Map Projections,”Geographical Review, LIII (1963), pp. 59–78; W. Warntz, “Global Science and the Tyranny of Space,”Papers of the Regional Science Association, XIX (1967), pp. 7–19. See Harvey,Explanation in Geography,op. cit., Chap. 14. Piaget and Inhelder,op. cit. F.E. Dart and L. Pradhan, “Cross-Cultural Teaching of Science,”Science, CLV (1967), pp. 649–656. I. D. McFarlane Smith,Spatial Ability (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1964). B. Harris, “Quantitative Models of Urban Development: Their Role in Metropolitan Policy Making,” in H. Perloff and L. Wingo, eds.,Issues in Urban Economics (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1968), p. 363. R. Carnap,An Introduction to Symbolic Logic, (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958); N. L. Wilson, “Space, Time, and Individuals,”Journal of Philosophy, LII (1955), pp. 589–598. I have summarized their argument in Harvey,Explanation in Geography, op. cit., pp. 212–217. M. F. Dacey, “Some Observations on a Two-Dimensional Language,” Technical Report, No. 7, ONR Task No. 389–142 (Evanston: Northwestern University, Department of Geography, 1965). One of the best statements in philosophy is contained in G. Bergmann,Logic and Reality (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964), pp. 272–301. P. J. Taylor, “The Location Variable in Taxonomy,”Geographical Analysis, I (1969), pp. 181–195. A. Cliff and K. Ord, “The Problem of Spatial Autocorrelation,” in A. Scott, ed.,Studies in Regional Science (London: Pion 1969); M. F. Dacey, “A Review on Measures of Contiguity for Two- and K-Color Maps,” in B. J. L. Berry and D. Marble, eds,Spatial Analysis (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968). C. W. Granger, “Spatial Data and Time-Series Analysis,” in A. Scott, ed.,Studies in Regional Science (London: Pion, 1969). Ibid. Webber,op. cit., p. 32. Ibid. ; H. J. Gans, “Planning for People, not Buildings,”Environment and Planning, I (1969), pp. 33–46; J. Jacobs,The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Random House, 1961). Sommer,op. cit.. Gans,op. cit., pp. 37–38. Sommer,op. cit., p. 172. W. Isard,Location and Space Economy (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1956), pp. 271–272.