Tính bên xã hội ở những con non cá voi beluga hoang dã: so sánh giữa các địa điểm, điều kiện hộ tống và độ tuổi

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - Tập 67 - Trang 1195-1204 - 2013
Karina Karenina1, Andrey Giljov1, Dmitry Glazov2, Yegor Malashichev1,3
1Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Soil Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
2White Whale Program of Permanent expedition of Russian Academy of Science studying Red Book animals and other focus species of Russia of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
3Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology and Soil Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Tóm tắt

Một trong những khía cạnh quan trọng của hành vi xã hội ở động vật là tính bên trong việc nhận thức các loài cùng loại. Sự thiên lệch không gian trong các tương tác giữa cá thể trưởng thành và cá thể non thường được thể hiện ở loài linh trưởng thông qua sự thiên lệch trong việc bế ẵm hoặc sự ưa thích núm vú ở những con non. Tuy nhiên, nguồn gốc và chức năng của những thiên lệch này vẫn chưa rõ ràng. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã điều tra tính bên không gian ở các cặp cá voi beluga trưởng thành-cá non từ hai địa điểm địa lý khác nhau bằng cách phân tích hình ảnh hàng không. Ngoài ra, các quan sát hành vi về các cặp mẹ-cá non được xác định cá nhân tại một địa điểm sinh sản của cá voi beluga cũng được thực hiện để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của độ tuổi cá non đến sự thiên lệch ở các cặp. Chúng tôi phát hiện ra rằng các con non có sự ưa thích chung khi đứng ở bên phải cá thể trưởng thành kèm theo. Chúng tôi không phát hiện ra bất kỳ ảnh hưởng nào từ vị trí địa lý, sự hiện diện hoặc vị trí tương đối của các cá nhân khác hộ tống cặp trưởng thành-cá non, và vị trí của cá non bên cơ thể của cá thể trưởng thành hộ tống. Có sự thiên lệch rõ rệt bên phải trong vị trí của cá non ở tất cả các lớp tuổi, nhưng cá voi beluga từ 2 đến 6 tháng tuổi được tìm thấy có thiên lệch mạnh hơn so với những con non mới sinh và những con non từ 7 đến 18 tháng tuổi. Điều này có thể phản ánh những thay đổi liên quan đến độ tuổi trong hành vi vận động và xã hội của cá non. Chúng tôi lập luận rằng tính bên được phát hiện liên quan đến sự ưa thích mắt trái-bán cầu phải của cá non trong việc nhận thức các kích thích xã hội, và sau đó chúng tôi thảo luận về những lợi ích có thể có. Tính bên không gian rõ rệt giữa cá thể trưởng thành và cá non trong trạng thái (khác với điều thấy ở loài linh trưởng) khi các chi trước không xác định trực tiếp vị trí tương đối của các chủ thể cho thấy sự thiên lệch cảm giác đơn thuần là yếu tố quyết định.

Từ khóa

#cá voi beluga #hành vi xã hội #thiên lệch không gian #động vật #nghiên cứu hành vi #động vật biển

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