Social–contextual factors interact with masculinity to influence college men’s HPV vaccination intentions: The role of descriptive norms, prototypes, and physician gender

Addis, M. E., Reigeluth, C. R., & Schwab, J. R. (2016). Social norms, social constructionism, and the psychology of men and masculinity. In APA handbook of men and masculinities. (pp. 81–104). American Psychological Association. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage. Alsan, M., Garrick, O., & Graziani, G. (2019). Does diversity matter for health? Experimental evidence from Oakland. American Economic Review, 109, 4071–4111. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181446 American College Health Association. (2021). American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment III: Undergraduate Student Reference Group Data Report Fall 2020. American College Health Association. https://www.acha.org/NCHA/ACHA-NCHA_Data/Publications_and_Reports/NCHA/Data/Reports_ACHA-NCHAIII.aspx Apaydin, K. Z., Fontenot, H. B., Shtasel, D., Dale, S. K., Borba, C. P. C., Lathan, C. S., Panther, L., Mayer, K. H., & Keuroghlian, A. S. (2018). Facilitators of and barriers to HPV vaccination among sexual and gender minority patients at a Boston community health center. Vaccine, 36, 3868–3875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.043 Attia, A. C., Wolf, J., & Núñez, A. E. (2018). On surmounting the barriers to HPV vaccination: We can do better. Annals of Medicine, 50, 209–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2018.1426875 Barrera, J., Greene, S., Petyak, E., Kenneson, S., McGill, E., Howell, H., Billing, D., Taylor, S., Ewing, A., & Cull, J. (2021). Reported rationales for HPV vaccination vs. Non-vaccination among undergraduate and medical students in South Carolina. Journal of American College Health, 69, 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1659279 Bednarczyk, R. A., Whitehead, J. L., & Stephenson, R. (2017). Moving beyond sex: Assessing the impact of gender identity on human papillomavirus vaccine recommendations and uptake among a national sample of rural-residing LGBT young adults. Papillomavirus Research, 3, 121–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pvr.2017.04.002 Berman, T. A., & Schiller, J. T. (2017). Human papillomavirus in cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer: One cause, two diseases. Cancer, 123, 2219–2229. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30588 Blanton, H., VandenEijnden, R. J. J. M., Buunk, B. P., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Bakker, A. (2001). Accentuate the negative: Social images in the prediction and promotion of condom use. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 274–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb00197.x Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., McCaul, K. D., & Weinstein, N. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: The example of vaccination. Health Psychology, 26, 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.26.2.136 Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Rothman, A. J., Leask, J., & Kempe, A. (2017). Increasing vaccination: Putting psychological science into action. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 18, 149–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100618760521 Buunk, B. P., Van Den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., & Siero, F. W. (2002). The double-edged sword of providing information about the prevalence of safer sex. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 684–699. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00237.x Center for Disease Control, CDC. (2020a). Basic information about HPV and cancer. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/basic_info/index.htm. Center for Disease Control, CDC. (2020b). HPV and oropharyngeal cancer. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/basic_info/hpv_oropharyngeal.htm Center for Disease Control, CDC. (2020c). How many cancers are linked with HPV each year? Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/statistics/cases.htm Cialdini, R. B., & Goldstein, N. J. (2004). Social influence: Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 591–621. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142015 Courtenay, W. H. (1998). College men’s health: An overview and a call to action. Journal of American College of Health, 46, 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448489809596004 Courtenay, W. H. (2000). Behavioral factors associated with disease, injury, and death among men: Evidence and implications for prevention. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 9, 81–142. Dal Cin, S., Worth, K. A., Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Stoolmiller, M., Wills, T. A., & Sargent, J. D. (2009). Watching and drinking: Expectancies, prototypes, and friends’ alcohol use mediate the effect of exposure to alcohol use in movies on adolescent drinking. Health Psychology, 28, 473–483. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014777 Daley, E. M., Vamos, C. A., Thompson, E. L., Zimet, G. D., Rosberger, Z., Merrell, L., & Kline, N. S. (2017). The feminization of HPV: How science, politics, economics and gender norms shaped U.S. HPV Vaccine Implementation. Papillomavirus Research, 3, 142–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pvr.2017.04.004 DeLauer, V., McGill-O’Rourke, A., Gordon, C., Hamilton, N., Desruisseaux, R., DuarteCanela, M., Heyer, A., & Macksoud, K. (2020). Human papillomavirus and health decision-making: Perceptions and accountability in college. Health Education Journal, 79, 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896919862309 Delpech, R., Bloy, G., Panjo, H., Falcoff, H., Ringa, V., & Rigal, L. (2020). Physicians’ preventive practices: More frequently performed for male patients and by female physicians. BMC Health Services Research, 20, 331. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05136-2 Diamond, M. (1993). Homosexuality and bisexuality in different populations. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 22, 291–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01542119 DiMuccio, S. H., Yost, M. R., & Helweg-Larsen, M. (2017). A qualitative analysis of perceptions of precarious manhood in U.S. and Danish men. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 18, 331–340. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000062 Durantini, M. R., Albarracín, D., Mitchell, A. L., Earl, A. N., & Gillette, J. C. (2006). Conceptualizing the influence of social agents of behavior change: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of HIV-prevention interventionists for different groups. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 212–248. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.212 Eagly, A. H., Nater, C., Miller, D. I., Kaufmann, M., & Sczesny, S. (2020). Gender stereotypes have changed: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of U.S. public opinion polls from 1946 to 2018. American Psychologist, 75, 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000494 Elam-Evans, L. D., Yankey, D., Singleton, J. A., et al. (2020). National, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13–17 years—United States, 2019. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69, 1109–1116. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6933a1externalicon Elbert, S. P., & Dijkstra, A. (2015). Source reliability in auditory health persuasion: Its antecedents and consequences. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 20, 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12038 Fekedulegn, B. D., Colbert, J. J., Hicks, J. R., & Schuckers, M. E. (2002). Coping with multicollinearity: An example on application of principal components regression in dendroecology (p. 43). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. FitzGerald, S., Cornally, N., & Hegarty, J. (2018). Men’s perspectives on cancer prevention behaviors associated with HPV. Psycho-Oncology, 27, 484–491. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4515 Flocke, S. A., & Gilchrist, V. (2005). Physician and patient gender concordance and the delivery of comprehensive clinical preventive services. Medical Care, 43, 486–492. Fontenot, H. B., Collins Fantasia, H., Charyk, A., & Sutherland, M. A. (2014). Human papillomavirus (HPV) risk factors, vaccination patterns, and vaccine perceptions among a sample of male college students. Journal of American College of Health, 62, 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2013.872649 Gebhardt, W. A., van Empelen, P., & van Beurden, D. (2009). Predicting preparatory behaviours for condom use in female undergraduate students: A one-year follow-up study. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 20, 161–164. https://doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008233 Gerend, M. A., & Barley, J. (2009). Human papillomavirus vaccine acceptability among young adult men. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 36, 58–62. https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31818606fc Gerend, M. A., Madkins, K., Crosby, S., Korpak, A. K., Phillips, G. L., Bass, M., Houlberg, M., & Mustanski, B. (2020a). Evaluation of a text messaging-based Human Papillomavirus Vaccination intervention for young sexual minority men: Results from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa056 Gerend, M. A., Murdock, C., & Grove, K. (2020b). An intervention for increasing HPV vaccination on a university campus. Vaccine, 38, 725–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.028 Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (2016). Reactions to the meta-analyses of the Prototype Willingness Model. Health Psychology Review, 10, 44–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2015.1116020 Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Blanton, H., & Russell, D. W. (1998). Reasoned action and social reaction: Willingness and intention as independent predictors of health risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1164–1180. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1164 Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Stock, M. L., & Finneran, S. D. (2015). The Prototype/Willingness Model. In M. Connor & P. Norman (Eds.), Predicting health behavior: Research and practice with social cognition models (3rd ed., pp. 189–224). Cambridge University Press. Gibbons, F. X., Pomery, E. A., Gerrard, M., Sargent, J. D., Weng, C.-Y., Wills, T. A., Kingsbury, J., Dal Cin, S., Worth, K. A., Stoolmiller, M., Tanski, S. E., & Yeh, H.-C. (2010). Media as social influence: Racial differences in the effects of peers and media on adolescent alcohol cognitions and consumption. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 649–659. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020768 Gilkey, M. B., Bednarczyk, R. A., Gerend, M. A., Kornides, M. L., Perkins, R. B., Saslow, D., Sienko, J., Zimet, G. D., & Brewer, N. T. (2020). Getting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination back on track: Protecting our national investment in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in the COVID-19 era. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67, 633–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.013 Giuliano, A. R., Palefsky, J. M., Goldstone, S., Moreira, E. D., Penny, M. E., Aranda, C., Vardas, E., Moi, H., Jessen, H., Hillman, R., Chang, Y.-H., Ferris, D., Rouleau, D., Bryan, J., Marshall, J. B., Vuocolo, S., Barr, E., Radley, D., Haupt, R. M., & Guris, D. (2011). Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV infection and disease in males. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364, 401–411. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0909537 Graupensperger, S., Abdallah, D. A., & Lee, C. M. (2021). Social norms and vaccine uptake: College students’ COVID vaccination intentions, attitudes, and estimated peer norms and comparisons with influenza vaccine. Vaccine, 39, 2060–2067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.018 Hernandez, N. D., Daley, E. M., Young, L., Kolar, S. K., Wheldon, C., Vamos, C. A., & Cooper, D. (2017). HPV vaccine recommendations: Does a health care provider’s gender and ethnicity matter to unvaccinated Latina college women? Ethnicity and Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2017.1367761 Hershey, J. C., Asch, D. A., Thumasathit, T., Meszaros, J., & Waters, V. V. (1994). The roles of altruism, free riding, and bandwagoning in vaccination decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 59, 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1994.1055 Himmelstein, M. S., & Sanchez, D. T. (2016). Masculinity in the doctor’s office: Masculinity, gendered doctor preference and doctor–patient communication. Preventive Medicine, 84, 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.008 Jain, P. (2020). The stereotype content model as an explanation of biased perceptions in a medical interaction: Implications for patient–provider relationship. Health Communication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1816311 Johnson, C., & Ogletree, R. (2017). Knowledge and behavioral intention related to HPV vaccination among male college students. American Journal of Health Education, 48, 320–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2017.1343159 Kasymova, S. (2020). Human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine knowledge, the intention to vaccinate, and HPV vaccination uptake among male college students. Journal of American College Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1785471 Kim, H. K., Kim, S., & Niederdeppe, J. (2015). Scientific uncertainty as a moderator of the relationship between descriptive norm and intentions to engage in cancer risk-reducing behaviors. Journal of Health Communication, 20, 387–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2014.977465 Kim, M., Shi, R., & Cappella, J. N. (2016). Effect of character–audience similarity on the perceived effectiveness of antismoking PSAs via engagement. Health Communication, 31, 1193–1204. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2015.1048421 Krähenmann-Müller, S., Virgini, V. S., Blum, M. R., da Costa, B. R., Collet, T.-H., Martin, Y., Cornuz, J., Zimmerli, L., Gaspoz, J.-M., Bauer, D. C., Kerr, E. A., Aujesky, D., & Rodondi, N. (2014). Patient and physician gender concordance in preventive care in university primary care settings. Preventive Medicine, 67, 242–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.004 Kreisel, K. M., Spicknall, I. H., Gargano, J. W., Lewis, F. M. T., Lewis, R. M., Markowitz, L. E., Roberts, H., Johnson, A. S., Song, R., & St. Cyr, S. B., Weston, E. J., Torrone, E. A., & Weinstock, H. S. (2021). Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: Prevalence and incidence estimates, 2018. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 48, 208–214. https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001355 Lee, H. Y., Lust, K., Vang, S., & Desai, J. (2018). Male undergraduates’ HPV vaccination behavior: Implications for achieving HPV-associated cancer equity. Journal of Community Health, 43, 459–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-018-0482-4 Lee, T. K., & Su, L.Y.-F. (2020). When a personal HPV story on a blog influences perceived social norms: The roles of personal experience, framing, perceived similarity, and social media metrics. Health Communication, 35, 438–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1567440 Levant, R. F., Rankin, T. J., Williams, C. M., Hasan, N. T., & Smalley, K. B. (2010). Evaluation of the factor structure and construct validity of scores on the Male Role Norms Inventory—Revised (MRNI-R). Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 11, 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017637 Levant, R., & Richmond, K. (2007). A review of research on masculinity ideologies using the Male Role Norms Inventory. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 15, 130–146. https://doi.org/10.3149/jms.1502.130 Litt, D. M., & Stock, M. L. (2011). Adolescent alcohol-related risk cognitions: The roles of social norms and social networking sites. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 708–713. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024226 Mahalik, J. R., Burns, S. M., & Syzdek, M. (2007). Masculinity and perceived normative health behaviors as predictors of men’s health behaviors. Social Science and Medicine, 64, 2201–2209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.02.035 Mahalik, J. R., Lagan, H. D., & Morrison, J. A. (2006). Health behaviors and masculinity in Kenyan and US male college students. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 7, 191–202. Marcell, A. V., Ford, C. A., Pleck, J. H., & Sonenstein, F. L. (2007). Masculine beliefs, parental communication, and male adolescents’ health care use. Pediatrics, 119, e966–e975. McEachan, R., Taylor, N., Harrison, R., Lawton, R., Gardner, P., & Conner, M. (2016). Meta-analysis of the reasoned action approach (RAA) to understanding health behaviors. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 50, 592–612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9798-4 MicrosoftCorps. (n.d.). Microsoft Paint. Momentive, Inc. (n.d.). SurveyMonkey. https://www.surveymonkey.com/ Monzani, D., Vergani, L., Pizzoli, S. F. M., Marton, G., Mazzocco, K., Bailo, L., Messori, C., Pancani, L., Cattelan, M., & Pravettoni, G. (2020). Sexism interacts with patient–physician gender concordance in influencing patient control preferences: Findings from a vignette experimental design. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 12, 471–492. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12193 Nelson, N. P., Weng, M. K., Hofmeister, M. G., Moore, K. L., Doshani, M., Kamili, S., Koneru, A., Haber, P., Hagan, L., Romero, J. R., Schillie, S., & Harris, A. M. (2020). Prevention of Hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2020. MMWR Recommendations and Reports, 69, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6905a1 Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2021). Vaccination. In Healthy People 2030. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/vaccination/increase-proportion-adolescents-who-get-recommended-doses-hpv-vaccine-iid-08 Pan, S., Zhang, D., & Zhang, J. (2020). Caught in the crossfire: How contradictory information and norms on social media influence young women’s intentions to receive HPV vaccination in the United States and China. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.548365 Persky, S., Kaphingst, K. A., Allen, V. C., & Senay, I. (2013). Effects of patient–provider race concordance and smoking status on lung cancer risk perception accuracy among African-Americans. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 45, 308–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9475-9 Peterson, L. M., Campbell, M. A. T., & Laky, Z. E. (2019). The next frontier for men’s contraceptive choice: College men’s willingness to pursue male hormonal contraception. Psychology of Men and Masculinities, 20, 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000174 Peterson, L. M., Helweg-Larsen, M., & DiMuccio, S. (2021). Descriptive norms and prototypes predict COVID-19 prevention cognitions and behaviors in the United States: Applying the Prototype Willingness Model to pandemic mitigation. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab075 Pleck, J. H., Sonenstein, F. L., & Ku, L. C. (1993). Masculinity ideology: Its impact on adolescent males’ heterosexual relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 49, 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1993.tb01166.x Pomery, E. A., Gibbons, F. X., Reis-Bergan, M., & Gerrard, M. (2009). From willingness to intention: Experience moderates the shift from reactive to reasoned behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 894–908. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209335166 Ragan, K. R., Bednarczyk, R. A., Butler, S. M., & Omer, S. B. (2018). Missed opportunities for catch-up human papillomavirus vaccination among university undergraduates: Identifying health decision-making behaviors and uptake barriers. Vaccine, 36, 331–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.041 Ratanasiripong, N. T. (2015). Factors related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in college men. Public Health Nursing, 32, 645–653. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12198 Renfro, K. J., Haderxhanaj, L., Coor, A., Eastman-Mueller, H., Oswalt, S., Kachur, R., Habel, M. A., Becasen, J. S., & Dittus, P. J. (2020). Sexual-risk and STI-testing behaviors of a national sample of non-students, two-year, and four-year college students. Journal of American College Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1756830 Sandhu, H., Adams, A., Singleton, L., Clark-Carter, D., & Kidd, J. (2009). The impact of gender dyads on doctor–patient communication: A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 76, 348–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.07.010 Shearer, C. L., Hosterman, S. J., Gillen, M. M., & Lefkowitz, E. S. (2005). Are traditional gender role attitudes associated with risky sexual behavior and condom-related beliefs? Sex Roles, 52, 311–324. Stock, M. L., Peterson, L. M., Houlihan, A. E., & Walsh, L. A. (2013). Influence of oral sex and oral cancer information on young adults’ oral sexual-risk cognitions and likelihood of HPV vaccination. The Journal of Sex Research, 50, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2011.642904 Sutherland, C. A. M., Rhodes, G., & Young, A. W. (2017). Facial image manipulation: A tool for investigating social perception. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8, 538–551. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617697176 Todd, J., Kothe, E., Mullan, B., & Monds, L. (2016). Reasoned versus reactive prediction of behaviour: A meta-analysis of the prototype willingness model. Health Psychology Review, 10, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.922895 van Lettow, B., de Vries, H., Burdorf, A., & van Empelen, P. (2016). Quantifying the strength of the associations of prototype perceptions with behaviour, behavioural willingness and intentions: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 10, 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.941997 Vandello, J. A., & Bosson, J. K. (2013). Hard won and easily lost: A review and synthesis of theory and research on precarious manhood. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 14, 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029826 Vogel, D. L., & Heath, P. J. (2016). Men, masculinities, and help-seeking patterns. In APA handbook of men and masculinities (pp. 685–707). American Psychological Association. Wade, J. C. (1998). Male reference group identity dependence: A theory of male identity. The Counseling Psychologist, 26, 349–383. Walsh, L. A., & Stock, M. L. (2012). UV photography, masculinity, and college men’s sun protection cognitions. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35, 431–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-011-9372-2 Wells, G. L., & Windschitl, P. D. (1999). Stimulus sampling and social psychological experimentation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1115–1125. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672992512005 Wheldon, C. W., Daley, E. M., Walsh-Buhi, E. R., Baldwin, J. A., Nyitray, A. G., & Giuliano, A. R. (2018). An integrative theoretical framework for HPV vaccine promotion among male sexual minorities. American Journal of Men’s Health, 12, 1409–1420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988316652937 Wong, Y. J., Ho, M.-H.R., Wang, S.-Y., & Miller, I. S. K. (2017). Meta-analyses of the relationship between conformity to masculine norms and mental health-related outcomes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64, 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000176 Xiao, X., & Borah, P. (2020). Do norms matter? Examining norm-based messages in HPV vaccination promotion. Health Communication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1770506