Social and economic determinants of drug overdose deaths: a systematic review of spatial relationships

Hedegaard H, Minino AM, Warner M (2018) Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999–2017. NCHS data brief, no. 329. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville

Hedegaard H, Miniño A, Spencer MR, Warner M (2022) Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999–2020. NCHS data brief (428)

Manchikanti L, Fellows B, Ailinani H, Pampati V (2010) Therapeutic use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids: a ten-year perspective. Pain Physician 13:401–435

Manchikanti L, Helm S, 2nd, Fellows B, Janata JW, Pampati V, Grider JS, Boswell MV (2012) Opioid epidemic in the United States. Pain Physician 15(3 Suppl):ES9–ES38

Webster LR, Cochella S, Dasgupta N et al (2011) An analysis of the root causes for opioid-related overdose deaths in the United States. Pain Med 12:S26–S35

Cerda M, Krawczyk N, Hamilton L, Rudolph KE, Friedman SR, Keyes KM (2021) A critical review of the social and behavioral contributions to the overdose epidemic. Annu Rev Public Health 42:95–114

Draanen Jv, Tsang C, Mitra S, Karamouzian M, Richardson L (2020) Socioeconomic marginalization and opioid-related overdose: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 214

King NB, Fraser V, Boikos C, Richardson R, Harper S (2014) Determinants of increased opioid-related mortality in the United States and Canada, 1990–2013: a systematic review. Am J Public Health 104(8):e32–e42

Bambra C (2016) Health divides: where you live can kill you. Policy Press, Chicago

Dean A, Kimmel S (2019) Free trade and opioid overdose death in the United States. SSM Popul Health 8:100409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100409

Monnat SM (2018) Factors associated with county-level differences in U.S. drug-related mortality rates. Am J Prev Med 54(5):611–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.040

Monnat SM (2019) The contributions of socioeconomic and opioid supply factors to U.S. drug mortality rates: urban-rural and within-rural differ. J Rural Stud. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.12.004

Charles KK, Hurst E, Schwartz M (2019) The transformation of manufacturing and the decline in US employment. NBER Macroecon Annu 33(1):307–372

Venkataramani AS, Bair EF, O’Brien RL, Tsai AC (2019) Association between automotive assembly plant closures and opioid overdose mortality in the United States: a difference-in-differences analysis. JAMA Intern Med. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5686

Galea S, Ahern J, Tracy M, Vlahov D (2007) Neighborhood income and income distribution and the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Am J Prev Med 32(6 Suppl):S195–S202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.003

Hollingsworth A, Ruhm CJ, Simon K (2017) Macroeconomic conditions and opioid abuse. J Health Econ 56:222–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.07.009

Farber HS, Hall R (1993) Pencavel J (1993) The incidence and costs of job loss: 1982–91. Brook Pap Econ Act Microecon 1:73–132

Price RH, Choi JN, Vinokur AD (2002) Links in the chain of adversity following job loss: how financial strain and loss of personal control lead to depression, impaired functioning, and poor health. J Occup Health Psychol 7(4):302

Liem R, Liem JH (1988) Psychological effects of unemployment on workers and their families. J Soc Issues 44(4):87–105

Yeung WJ, Hofferth SL (1998) Family adaptations to income and job loss in the US. J Fam Econ Issues 19(3):255–283

Jones CW, Christman Z, Smith CM, Safferman MR, Salzman M, Baston K, Haroz R (2018) Comparison between buprenorphine provider availability and opioid deaths among US counties. J Subst Abuse Treat 93:19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.07.008

Hepler S, McKnight E, Bonny A, Kline D (2019) A latent spatial factor approach for synthesizing opioid-associated deaths and treatment admissions in Ohio Counties. Epidemiology 30(3)

Cano M, Oh S, Osborn P, Olowolaju SA, Sanchez A, Kim Y, Moreno AC (2023) County-level predictors of US drug overdose mortality: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 242:109714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109714

Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6(7):e1000097

Partners E (2019) DistillerSR. Ottawa

Jackson N, Waters E (2005) Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions. Health Promot Int 20(4):367–374. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dai022

Thomas BH, Ciliska D, Dobbins M, Micucci S (2004) A process for systematically reviewing the literature: providing the research evidence for public health nursing interventions. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 1(3):176–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-475X.2004.04006.x

Cerda M, Ransome Y, Keyes KM, Koenen KC, Tardiff K, Vlahov D, Galea S (2013) Revisiting the role of the urban environment in substance use: the case of analgesic overdose fatalities. Am J Public Health 103(12):2252–2260. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301347

Ghertner R, Groves L (2018) The opioid crisis and economic opportunity: geographic and economic trends. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation Research Brief. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC

Hannon L, Cuddy MM (2006) Neighborhood ecology and drug dependence mortality: an analysis of New York City census tracts. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 32(3):453–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990600753966

Marshall JR, Gassner SF, Anderson CL, Cooper RJ, Lotfipour S, Chakravarthy B (2019) Socioeconomic and geographical disparities in prescription and illicit opioid-related overdose deaths in Orange County, California, from 2010–2014. Subst Abuse 40(1):80–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2018.1442899

Ruhm CJ (2019) Drivers of the fatal drug epidemic. J Health Econ 64:25–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.01.001

Dow WH, Godøy A, Lowenstein C, Reich M (2020) Can labor market policies reduce deaths of despair? J Health Econ 74:102372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2020.102372

Frankenfeld CL, Leslie TF (2019) County-level socioeconomic factors and residential racial, Hispanic, poverty, and unemployment segregation associated with drug overdose deaths in the United States, 2013–2017. Ann Epidemiol 35:12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.04.009

Kedia S, Ahuja N, Wyant DK, Dillon PJ, Akkus C, Relyea G (2020) Compositional and contextual factors associated with drug overdose deaths in the United States. J Addict Dis 38(2):143–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2020.1729079

Kerry R, Yoo E, Ingram B (2019) Spatial analysis of drug poisoning deaths in the American west: a comparison study using profile regression to adjust for collinearity and spatial correlation. Drug Alcohol Depend 204:107598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107598

Pierce JR, Schott PK (2020) Trade liberalization and mortality: evidence from US counties. Am Econ Rev Insights 2(1):47–64

Zhu Y, Fei Z, Mooney LJ, Huang K, Hser YI (2022) Social determinants of mortality of COVID-19 and opioid overdose in American rural and urban counties. J Addict Med 16(1):e52–e55. https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0000000000000834

Rudolph KE, Kinnard EN, Aguirre AR, Goin DE, Feelemyer J, Fink D, Cerda M (2020) The relative economy and drug overdose deaths. Epidemiology 31(4):551–558. https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001199

Johnson LT, Shreve T (2020) The ecology of overdose mortality in Philadelphia. Health Place 66:102430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102430

Betz MR, Jones LE (2018) Wage and employment growth in America’s drug epidemic: is all growth created equal? Am J Agric Econ 100(5):1357–1374. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aay069

Zoorob MJ, Salemi JL (2017) Bowling alone, dying together: the role of social capital in mitigating the drug overdose epidemic in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 173:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.011

Visconti AJ, Santos G-M, Lemos NP, Burke C, Coffin PO (2015) Opioid overdose deaths in the city and county of San Francisco: prevalence, distribution, and disparities. J Urban Health 92(4):758–772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-015-9967-y

Nandi A, Galea S, Ahern J, Bucciarelli A, Vlahov D, Tardiff K (2006) What explains the association between neighborhood-level income inequality and the risk of fatal overdose in New York City? Soc Sci Med 63(3):662–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.02.001

Galea S, Ahern J, Vlahov D (2003) Contextual determinants of drug use risk behavior: a theoretic framework. J Urban Health 80(3):iii50–iii58

Goedel WC, Green TC, Viner-Brown S, Rich JD, Marshall BDL (2019) Increased overdose mortality during the first week of the month: revisiting the “check effect” through a spatial lens. Drug Alcohol Depend 197:49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.024

Nesoff ED, Branas CC, Martins SS (2020) The geographic distribution of fentanyl-involved overdose deaths in cook county, Illinois. Am J Public Health 110(1):98–105. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305368

Chichester K, Drawve G, Sisson M, McCleskey B, Dye DW, Cropsey K (2020) Examining the neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics associated with fatal overdose by type of drug involved and overdose setting. Addict Behav 111:106555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106555

Congdon P (2020) Geographical aspects of recent trends in drug-related deaths, with a focus on intra-national contextual variation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218081

Rushovich T, Arwady MA, Salisbury-Afshar E, Arunkumar P, Aks S, Prachand N (2022) Opioid-related overdose deaths by race and neighborhood economic hardship in Chicago. J Ethn Subst Abuse 21(1):22–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2019.1704335

Townsend P, Phillimore P, Beattie A (1988) Health and deprivation: inequality and the North. Croom Helm, London

The Measure of America (2015) Opportunity index 2015: summary of findings for states & counties. Measure of America of the Social Science Research Council

Altonji JG, Card D (1991) The effects of immigration on the labor market outcomes of less-skilled natives. In: Freeman JAaR (ed) Immigration, trade and the labor market. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Card D (2001) Immigration inflows, native outflows, and the local labor market impacts of higher immigration. J Law Econ 19:22–64

Nagelhout GE, Hummel K, de Goeij MCM, de Vries H, Kaner E, Lemmens P (2017) How economic recessions and unemployment affect illegal drug use: a systematic realist literature review. Int J Drug Policy 44:69–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.013

Berkman L, Glass TA (2000) Social integration, social networks, social support, and health. In: Berkman LF, Kawachi I (eds) Social epidemiology. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 137–173

Sampson RJ, Morenoff JD, Gannon-Rowley T (2002) Assessing “neighborhood effects”: social processes and new directions in research. Annu Rev Sociol:443–478

van der Linden J, Drukker M, Gunther N, Feron F, van Os J (2003) Children’s mental health service use, neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation, and social capital. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 38(9):507–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-003-0665-9

Stockdale SE, Wells KB, Tang L, Belin TR, Zhang L, Sherbourne CD (2007) The importance of social context: neighborhood stressors, stress-buffering mechanisms, and alcohol, drug, and mental health disorders. Soc Sci Med 65(9):1867–1881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.045

Gladstone EJ, Smolina K, Weymann D, Rutherford K, Morgan SG (2015) Geographic variations in prescription opioid dispensations and deaths among women and men in British Columbia. Canada Med Care 53(11):954–959. https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000000431

Hempstead K, Yildirim EO (2014) Supply-side response to declining heroin purity: fentanyl overdose episode in New Jersey. Health Econ 23(6):688–705. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2937

Monnat SM (2019) The contributions of socioeconomic and opioid supply factors to U.S. drug mortality rates: urban-rural and within-rural differences. J Rural Stud 68:319–335

Paulozzi LJ, Ryan GW (2006) Opioid analgesics and rates of fatal drug poisoning in the United States. Am J Prev Med 31(6):506–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.017

Hedegaard H, Warner M, Minino AM (2017) Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999–2016. NCHS Data Brief, no 294. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville

Guy GP (2017) Vital signs: changes in opioid prescribing in the United States, 2006–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66(26):697–704

Drug poisoning mortality: United States, 1999–2017 (2019) National Center for Health Statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/drug-poisoning-mortality/index.htm#dashboard. Accessed 23 July 2019

Fink DS, Keyes KM, Branas C, Cerdá M, Gruenwald P, Hasin D (2023) Understanding the differential effect of local socio-economic conditions on the relation between prescription opioid supply and drug overdose deaths in US counties. Addiction 118(6):1072–1082. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16123

Unick GJ, Rosenblum D, Mars S, Ciccarone D (2013) Intertwined epidemics: national demographic trends in hospitalizations for heroin-and opioid-related overdoses, 1993–2009. PLoS ONE 8(2):e54496

Lach Arlinghaus S (2008) Practical handbook of spatial statistics. PHB practical handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton

Lawson AB, Williams FLR (2001) An introductory guide to disease mapping. Wiley, Chichester

Pfeiffer D, Robinson TP, Stevenson M, Stevens KB, Rogers DJ, Clements AC (2008) Spatial analysis in epidemiology, vol 142. vol 10.1093. Oxford University Press, Oxford