Mạng Lưới Xã Hội và Thu Nhập của Người Lao Động ở Trung Quốc Đương Đại

East Asia - Tập 38 Số 1 - Trang 39-60 - 2021
Qiong Wu1, Michael Wallace2
1Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Central European University, Vienna, Austria
2Department of Sociology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtGuanxi là hình thức vốn xã hội trung tâm trong xã hội Trung Quốc, cung cấp quyền tiếp cận tài nguyên, tài sản và lợi ích giúp nâng cao vị thế xã hội và di chuyển xã hội. Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm đáng kể đã ghi nhận tầm quan trọng của các mạng lưới guanxi trong việc tiếp cận tài nguyên để có được việc làm tốt, thăng tiến đến những công việc tốt hơn và đạt được mức lương cao hơn. Tết Nguyên Đán của Trung Quốc là một dịp đặc biệt có ý nghĩa văn hóa và xã hội để nuôi dưỡng và duy trì các mạng lưới guanxi. Do đó, chúng tôi khái niệm hóa các mạng lưới guanxi như là các mạng lưới thăm hỏi trong dịp lễ Tết Nguyên Đán. Sử dụng Khảo sát Xã hội Tổng quát Trung Quốc năm 2008, chúng tôi xây dựng năm thước đo về mạng lưới chúc Tết Nguyên Đán và đánh giá tác động của chúng đến thu nhập của người lao động cũng như sự khác biệt về giới trong tác động đến thu nhập. Chúng tôi cũng xem xét hai yếu tố cấu trúc chính—hukou và giai cấp xã hội—ảnh hưởng đến độ mở rộng của các mạng lưới xã hội và thu nhập của cá nhân. Những phát hiện của chúng tôi không chỉ khẳng định các tác động tích cực tổng thể của mạng lưới chúc Tết Nguyên Đán đối với thu nhập mà còn cung cấp những sắc thái làm tăng cường sự hiểu biết về cách mà các mạng lưới guanxi như một biểu hiện của vốn xã hội được nhúng trong văn hóa truyền thống Trung Quốc hoạt động trong kỷ nguyên hiện đại và làm gia tăng khoảng cách giới.

Từ khóa


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