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Ảnh hưởng của tuyết tan đến các sự kiện sinh thái học của thực vật thảo mộc ở vùng núi Tây Himalaya
Tóm tắt
Thời gian tuyết tan là một yếu tố chính kiểm soát hiện tượng sinh trưởng của cây trồng ở các vùng núi cao. Hiện nay, sự ấm lên của khí hậu đang thúc đẩy thời gian tuyết tan, điều này có thể ảnh hưởng đến chu kỳ mùa vụ của các loài trên toàn cảnh quan núi cao của Himalaya. Tuy nhiên, rất ít nghiên cứu đã điều tra phản ứng của hiện tượng sinh trưởng của các loài đối với thời gian tuyết tan đã tiến sớm ở Himalaya. Nghiên cứu hiện tại đã khảo sát phản ứng của các loài núi cao khác nhau đối với việc tuyết tan sớm có mặt trong các cộng đồng núi cao khác nhau. Năm cộng đồng đã được xác định và hai địa điểm được chọn trong mỗi cộng đồng (tuyết tan sớm: ES, tuyết tan muộn: LS) với một ô đất 50 × 50 m được đánh dấu cố định để theo dõi các loài. Các quan sát về thời điểm khởi đầu và độ dài của từng giai đoạn sinh trưởng của tất cả các loài đã được ghi lại hàng hai tuần. Phép kiểm Kruskal-Wallis đã được thực hiện để xem xét sự khác biệt theo loài trong độ dài các giai đoạn sinh trưởng. Sự khác biệt từng cặp đã được kiểm tra bằng phép kiểm hậu nghiệm Dunn. Nghiên cứu hiện tại giả thuyết rằng tuyết tan sớm làm tiến nhanh và kéo dài thời gian và độ dài của các giai đoạn sinh trưởng ở tất cả các loài núi cao. Kết quả cho thấy rằng thời điểm khởi đầu và độ dài của các giai đoạn sinh trưởng diễn ra sớm và kéo dài hơn ở các địa điểm ES đối với đa số các loài, nhưng không tìm thấy mối quan hệ có ý nghĩa giữa thời gian tuyết tan và độ dài giai đoạn sinh trưởng của các loài. Nhiều loài thể hiện hai giai đoạn sinh trưởng phân biệt (sinh sản và ra quả). Sự khác biệt cao hơn ở giai đoạn sinh sản hơn là ở các giai đoạn sinh thái học khác. Do đó, có thể thấy rằng tuyết tan sớm là một yếu tố quan trọng ảnh hưởng đến sinh trưởng mùa xuân sớm của các loài thảo mộc, và những tác động theo loài của sự điều chỉnh sinh thái học đang xảy ra nhằm đạt được thành công sinh sản cao hơn trong sự ấm lên hiện tại của các đồng cỏ núi cao cũng chỉ ra rằng còn nhiều yếu tố hạn chế khác cần được hiểu rõ hơn.
Từ khóa
#tuyết tan; hiện tượng sinh trưởng; thực vật thảo mộc; đại ngàn núi cao; HimalayaTài liệu tham khảo
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