Small intestinal failure in children

DiLorenzo C, Hyman PE: Gastrointestinal motility in neonatal and pediatric practice. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1996, 25:203–224.

Davidson GP, Cutz E, Hamilton JR, Gall DG: Familial enteropathy: a syndrome of protracted diarrhea from birth, failure to thrive, and hypoplastic villous atrophy. Gastroenterology 1978, 75:783–790.

Phillips AD, Schmitz J: Familial microvillus atrophy: a clinicopathological survey of 23 cases. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1992, 14:380–396.

Croft NM, Howatson AG, Ling SC, et al.: Microvillous inclusion disease: an evolving condition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000, 31:185–189.

Reifen RM, Cutz E, Griffiths A, et al.: Tufting enteropathy: a newly recognized clinicopathological entity associated with refractory diarrhea in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994, 18:379–380.

Goulet O, Kedinger M, Brousse N, et al.: Intractable diarrhea of infancy with epithelial and basement membrane abnormalities. J Pediatr 1995, 127:212–219.

International Intestinal Transplant Registry Internet site. URL: www.lhsc.on.ca/itr/ Accessed June 2001.

Weaver LT, Austin S, Cole TJ: Small intestinal length: a factor essential for gut adaptation. Gut 1991, 32:1321–1323.

Touloukian RJ, Smith GJ: Normal intestinal length in preterm infants. J Pediatr Surg 1983, 18:720–723.

Kurkchubasche AG, Rowe MI, Smith SD: Adaptation in short-bowel syndrome: reassessing old limits. J Pediatr Surg 1993, 28:1069–1071.

Wilmore DW: Factors correlating with a successful outcome following extensive intestinal resection in newborn infants. J Pediatr 1972, 80:88–95.

SondheimerJM, Cadnapaphornchai M, Sontag M, Zerbe GO: Predicting the duration of dependence on parenteral nutrition after neonatal intestinal resection. J Pediatr 1998, 132:80–84. An important paper identifying risk factors for poor outcome in short bowel syndrome.

Kaufman SS, Loseke CA, Lupo JV, et al.: Influence of bacterial overgrowth and intestinal inflammation on duration of parenteral nutrition in children with short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr 1997, 131:356–361. This paper emphasizes that bacterial overgrowth alters outcome in short bowel syndrome.

Kollman KA, Lien EL, Vanderhoof JA: Dietary lipids influence intestinal adaptation after massive bowel resection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999, 28:41–45.

Byrne TA, Persinger RL, Young LS, et al.: A new treatment for patients with short-bowel syndrome. Growth hormone, glutamine, and a modified diet. Ann Surg 1995, 222:243–254.

Scolapio JS: Effect of growth hormone, glutamine, and diet on body composition in short bowel syndrome: a randomized, controlled study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1999, 23:309–312. An article suggesting that growth hormone and glutamine are not of benefit in adults with short bowel syndrome.

Bines J, Francis D, Hill D: Reducing parenteral requirement in children with short bowel syndrome: impact of an amino acid-based complete infant formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998, 26:123–128.

Thompson JS: Epidermal growth factor and the short bowel syndrome. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1999, 23(suppl):S113–116.

Warden MJ, Wesley JR: Small bowel reversal procedure for treatment of the ‘short gut’ baby. J Pedatr Surg 1978, 13:321–323.

Bianchi A: Intestinal lengthening: an experimental and clinical review. J R Soc Med 1984, 77(suppl 3):35–41.

Kimura K, Soper RT: A new bowel elongation technique for short-bowel syndrome using the isolated bowel segment Iowa models. J Pediatr Surg 1993, 28:792–794.

Kocoshis SA, Reyes J, Todo S, Starzl TE: Small intestinal transplantation for irreversible intestinal failure in children. Dig Dis Sci 1997, 42:1997–2008. This paper outlines the technique and outcomes of small intestinal transplantation.

KaufmanSS, Atkinson JB, Bianchi A, et al.: Indications for pediatric intestinal transplantation: a position paper of the American Society of Transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2001, 5:80–87. A definitive paper outlining the consensus opinion regarding indications and contraindications for small intestinal transplantation.

Vanderhoof JA: Probiotics and intestinal inflammatory disorders in infants and children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000, 30(suppl 2):S34–38.