Small and smart: the role of Switzerland in the Cartagena and Nagoya protocols negotiations

Akasaka, K. (2002). Japan. In C. Bail, R. Falkner, & H. Marquard (Eds.), The Cartagena protocol on biosafety (pp. 200–206). London: RIIA & Earthscan. Arquit Niederberger, A., & Schwager, S. (2004). Swiss environmental foreign policy and sustainable development. Swiss Political Science Review, 10(4), 93–123. Arter, D. (2000). Small state influence within the EU: The case of Finland’s “northern dimension initiative”. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 38(5), 677–697. Barnett, M., & Duvall, R. (2005). Power in international politics. International Organization, 59(1), 39–75. Bonfadelli, H., Dahinden, U., & Leonarz, M. (2002). Biotechnology in Switzerland: high on the public agenda, but only moderate support. Public Understanding of Science, 11(2), 113–130. Browning, C. (2006). Small, smart and salient? Rethinking identity in the small states literature. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 19(4), 669–684. Carr, E. (1939). The twenty years’ crisis, 1919–1939. London: Macmillan. CBD. (1998). Access to Genetic Resources and Means for Fair and Equitable Benefit Sharing. Case study submitted by Switzerland. UNEP/CBD/COP/4/INF.16. CBD. (2001). Building a New Partnership: Draft Guidelines on Access and Benefit Sharing Regarding the Utilisation of Genetic Resources. Submission by Switzerland: UNEP/CBD/WG-ABS/1/INF/5 and UNEP/CBD/EP-ABS/2/INF/1. CBD. (2003). The Cartagena protocol on biosafety: A record of the negotiations. Montreal: CBD Secretariat. CBD. (2005). Proposals by Switzerland regarding the declaration of the source of genetic resources and traditional knowledge in patent applications. UNEP/CBD/WG-ABS/3/INF/7. Cooper, A., & Shaw, T. (2009). The diplomacies of small states at the start of the twenty-first century: How vulnerable? How resilient? In A. Cooper & T. Shaw (Eds.), Diplomacies of Small States (pp. 1–18). Houndsmills: Palgrave MacMillan. Corell, E., & Betsill, M. (2008). Analytical framework: Assessing the influence of NGO diplomats. In M. Betsill & E. Corell (Eds.), NGO diplomacy: The influence of nongovernmental organizations in international environmental negotiations (pp. 19–42). Cambridge: MIT Press. Cox, R., & Jacobson, H. (1973). The anatomy of influence: Decision making in international organisation. New Haven: Yale University Press. Dross, M., & Wolff, F. (2005). New elements of the international regime on access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources: The role of certificates of origin. BfN - Skripten No. 127. Falkner, R. (2002). Negotiating the Cartagena protocol. In C. Bail, R. Falkner, & H. Marquard (Eds.), The Cartagena protocol on biosafety (pp. 3–22). London: RIIA & Earthscan. Fédéral, C. (2010). Rapport sur la politique extérieure 2010. Berne: Conseil Fédéral. FOEN/BAFU. (2010a). Bericht der Schweizer Delegation zur Fortsetzung des 9. Treffens der Arbeitsgruppe über den Zugang zu genetischen Ressourcen und den gerechten Vorteilausgleich (10–17. Juli 2010, Montreal, Kanada). Bern: Swiss Confederation. FOEN/BAFU. (2010b). Bericht der Schweizer Delegation zum 9. Treffen der Arbeitsgruppe über den Zugang zu genetischen Ressourcen und den gerechten Vorteilausgleich (22–28 März 2010, Cali, Kolumbien). Bern: Swiss Confederation. Freymond, J., & Boyer, B. (1998). Les organisations non gouvernementales et la politique extérieure de la Suisse . Etude dans le cadre du PNR “Politique extérieure de la Suisse”. Rapport de Synthèse. Berne: Programme National de Recherche 42. Goetschel, L., Bernath, M., & Schwarz, D. (2005). Swiss foreign policy: Foundations and possibilities. London: Routledge. Harris, P. G. (2008). Bringing the in-between back in: Foreign policy in global environmental politics. Politics and Policy, 36(6), 914–943. Hey, J. (Ed.). (2003). Small states in world politics: Explaining foreign policy behavior. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Hufty, M. (2001). La gouvernance internationale de la biodiversité. Études internationales, 32(1), 5–29. Hufty, M. (2011). Investigating policy processes: The governance analytical framework (GAF). In U. Wiesmann, H. Hurni, et al. (Eds.), Research for sustainable development: foundations, experiences, and perspectives (pp. 403–424). Bern: NCCR North–South/Geographica Bernensia. Hufty, M., Schulz, T., & Tschopp, M. (2014). The role of Switzerland in the Nagoya Protocol negotiations. In S. Oberthür & K. Rosendal (Eds.), Global governance of genetic resources: Access to and benefit-sharing after the Nagoya protocol (pp. 96–112). London: Routledge. IISD/ENB. (2006). Summary of the Fourth Meeting of the ABSWG of the CBD: Jan. 30–Feb. 3. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, 9(344). IISD/ENB. (2008). Summary of the Sixth Meeting of the Working Group on Access and Benefit-Sharing of the Convention on Biological Diversity: 21–25 January. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, 9(416). IISD/ENB. (2009). Summary of the Eighth Meeting of the ABSWG of the CBD: Nov. 9–15. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, 9(489). IISD/ENB. (2010). Summary of the Tenth Conference of the Parties of the CBD: Oct. 18–29. Earth Negotiations Bulletin, 9(544). IPI (Institut fédéral de la propriété intellectuelle). (2008). Examen quant au fond des demandes de brevet nationales: Directives. Bern: IPI. Ivars, B. (2002). Norway. In C. Bail, R. Falkner, & H. Marquard (Eds.), The Cartagena protocol on biosafety (pp. 193–199). London: RIIA and Earthscan. Jackson, S. (2012). Small states and compliance bargaining in the WTO: An analysis of the Antigua–US gambling services case. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 25(3), 367–385. Kassimeris, C. (2009). The foreign policy of small powers. International Politics, 46(1), 84–101. Keohane, R. O. (1969). Lilliputians’ dilemmas: Small states in international politics. International Organization, 23(2), 291–310. Kraus, D., & Rüssli, M. (2009). Study on access and benefit sharing user measures in the swiss legal order. Study established for the Swiss federal office for the environment. Berne: Umbricht Attorneys at Law. Little, R. (2007). The Balance of Power in International Relations: Metaphors, Myths and Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mayr, J. (2002). Colombia. In C. Bail, R. Falkner, & H. Marquard (Eds.), The Cartagena protocol on biosafety (pp. 218–229). London: RIIA and Earthscan. Merson, J. (2000). Bio-prospecting or bio-piracy: intellectual property rights and biodiversity in a colonial and postcolonial context. Osiris, 15, 282–296. Morin, J.-F., & Orsini, A. (2011). Linking regime complexity to policy coherency: The case of genetic resources. GR:EEN Working Paper Series no. 15. Online: GR:EEN Working Paper Series no. 15. Nijar, G. (2011). The Nagoya protocol on access and benefit sharing of genetic resources: An analysis. CEBLAW Brief. University of Malaysia. Nobs, B. (2002). Switzerland. In C. Bail, R. Falkner, & H. Marquard (Eds.), The Cartagena protocol on biosafety (pp. 186–192). London: RIIA and Earthscan. Osherenko, G., & Young, O. (1993). The formation of international regimes: Hypotheses and cases. In O. Young & G. Osherenko (Eds.), Polar politics: Creating international environmental regimes (pp. 1–21). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Panke, D. (2010). Good instructions in no time? Domestic coordination of EU policies in 19 small states. West European Politics, 33(4), 770–790. Panke, D. (2012a). Dwarfs in international negotiations: How small states make their voices heard. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 25(3), 313–328. Panke, D. (2012b). Small states in multilateral negotiations. What have we learned? Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 25(3), 387–398. Raustiala, K., & Victor, D. (2004). The regime complex for plant genetic resources. International Organization, 58(2), 277–309. Ricci, E. & Cullet, P. (2004). Biosafety Regulation: The Cartagena Protocol. Les Cahiers du RIBios, Number 3. Biosafety Interdisciplinary Network. Geneva: Institut Universitaire d'Etudes du Développement. Samper, C. (2002). The extraordinary meeting of the conference of the parties (ExCOP). In C. Bail, R. Falkner, & H. Marquard (Eds.), The Cartagena protocol on biosafety (pp. 62–75). London: RIIA and Earthscan. Schauzu, M. (2000). The concept of substantial equivalence in safety assessment of foods derived from genetically modified organisms. AgroBiotechNet, 2(April), 1–4. Siebenhüner, B., & Suplie, J. (2005). Implementing the access and benefit-sharing provisions of the CBD: A case for institutional learning. Ecological Economics, 53(4), 507–522. Silverman, D. (2000). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. London: Sage. Strange, S. (1989). States and markets. London: Pinter Publishers. Switzerland. (1999). Draft Guidelines on Access and Benefit Sharing Regarding the Utilisation of Genetic Resources. SECO-IPI-AEFL (FOEN). http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/abs/absep-01/other/absep-01-guidelines-en.pdf. Accessed 2 May 2012. Thorhallsson, B. (2009). Can small states choose their own size? The case of a Nordic state: Iceland. In A. F. Cooper & T. M. Shaw (Eds.), The diplomacies of small states at the start of the twenty-first century (pp. 119–142). Houndsmills: Palgrave MacMillan. Tully, S. (2003). The bonn guidelines on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 12(1), 84–98. Tvedt, M., & Rukundo, O. (2010). Functionality of an ABS protocol. Journal of World Intellectual Property, 9(2), 189–212. Underdal, A. (1994). Leadership theory: Rediscovering the arts of management. In I. Zartman (Ed.), International multilateral negotiation: Approaches to the management of complexity (pp. 178–197). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Waltz, K. (1979). The Theory of International Politics. Addison-Wesley series in political science. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. WIPO. (2003). Proposals by Switzerland regarding the declaration of the source of genetic resources and traditional knowledge in patent applications. WIPO/PCT/R/WG/4/1. Young, O. (1991). Political leadership and regime formation: On the development of institutions in international society. International Organization, 45(3), 281–308. [ITV1] Philippe Roch, ex-Head FOEN, 2009.10.13. [ITV2] François Pythoud, FOAG, ex-FOEN, 2010.06.09, Interview in French, our translation. [ITV3] Beat Nobs, Ambassador, 2010.06.07. [ITV4] François Meienberg, Bern Declaration, 2011.05.20. [ITV5] Marco D’Alessandro, FOEN, 2011.06.03. [ITV6] Martin Girsberger and Benny Müller, IPI, 2011.06.08. [ITV7] Sylvia Martinez, ScNat, 2011.06.15. [ITV8] Kaspar Sollberger, FOEN, 2011.06.16. [ITV9] Axel Braun, Roche, 2011.07.09. [ITV10] Peter Johan Schei, FNI, 2011.11.28.