Sindrome autoimmune multipla di tipo 3: una galassia in espansione

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 10 Số 4 - Trang 132-142 - 2009
Corrado Betterle1, Fabio Presotto2
1Unità Operativa Complessa di Endocrinologia, Cattedra di Immunologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italia
2Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna, Ospedale di Este (PD), Roma, Italia

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Betterle C, Presotto F. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS) or multiple autoimmune syndromes (MAS). In: Walker S, Jara LJ (Eds.) Handbook of systemic autoimmune diseases, Vol. 9. Endocrine manifestations of systemic autoimmune diseases. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2008, p. 135.

Neufeld M, Blizzard RM. Polyglandular autoimmune diseases. In: Pinchera A, Doniach D, Fenzi GF, Baschieri L (Eds.) Symposium on Autoimmune Aspects of Endocrine Disorders. Academic Press, New York, 1980, p. 357.

Betterle C, Lazzarotto F, Presotto F. Autoimmune polyglandular sindrome type 2: the tip of an iceberg? Clin Exp Immunol 137: 225, 2004.

Rose N, MacKay IR. (Eds.) The autoimmune diseases. 4th ed. Academic Press. St. Louis, MO, 2006.

de Graaf LCG, Smit JWA, Radder JK. Prevalence and clinical significance of organ-specific autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Neth J Med 65: 235, 2007.

Volpé R. In: Monographs on endocrinology. Autoimmunity in the endocrine system. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1981, p 19.

Jenkins RC, Weetmann AP. Disease association with autoimmune disease. Thyroid 12: 977, 2002.

Nelson LM. Primary ovarian insufficiency. N Engl J Med 360: 606, 2009.

Caturegli P, Newschaffer C, Olivi A, Pomper MG, Burger PC, Rose NR. Autoimmune hypophysitis. Endocr Rev 26: 599, 2005.

Manetti L, Lupi I, Morselli LL, Albertini S, Cosottini M, Grasso L, Genovesi M, Pinna G, Mariotti S, Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Martino E. Prevalence and functional significance of antipituitary antibodies in patients with autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 2176, 2007.

De Bellis A, Bizzarro A, Paglionico V, Di Martino S, Crisciuolo T, Sinisi AA, Lombardi G, Bellastella A. Detection of vasopressin cell antibodies in some patients with autoimmune endocrine diseases without overt diabetes insipidus. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 40: 173, 1994.

Centanni M, Marignani M, Gargano L, Corleto VD, Casini A, Delle Fave A, Andreoli M, Annibale B. Atrophic body gastritis in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Arch Intern Med 159: 1726, 1999.

Segni M, Borrelli O, Pucarelli I, Delle Fave G, Pasquino AM, Annibale B. Early manifestations of gastric autoimmunity in patients with juvenile autoimmune thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 69: 4944, 2004.

Ness-Abramof R, Nabriski DA, Braverman LE, Shilo L, Weiss E, Reshef T, Shapiro MS, Shenkman L. Prevalence and evaluation of B12 deficiency in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Am J Med Sci 332: 119, 2006.

Carmel R, Spencer A. Clinical and subclinical thyroid diosrders associated with pernicious anemia. Arch Intern Med 142: 1465, 1982.

Collin P, Kaukinen K, Valimaki M, Salmi J. Endocrinological disorders and celiac disease. Endocr Rev 23: 464, 2002.

Elfstrom P, Montgomery SM, Kampe O, Ekbom A, Ludvigsson JF. Risk of thyroid disease in individuals with celiac disease. J Clin Endocronol Metab 93: 3915, 2008.

Malik R, Hodgson H. The relationship between the thyroid gland and the liver. QJM 95: 559, 2002.

Zeniya M. Thyroid disease in autoimmune liver diseases. Nippon Rinsho 57: 1882, 1999.

Choudhuri G, Somani SK, Baba CS, Alexander G. Autoimmune hepatitis in India: profile of an uncommon disease. Bio Med Central Gastroenterol 5: 27, 2005.

Cindoruk M, Yetkin I, Karakan T, Kandilci U. The prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in a Turkish population. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 65: 143, 2002.

Crowe JP, Christensen E, Butler J, Wheeler P, Doniach D, Keenan J, Williams R. Primary biliary cirrhosis: the prevalence of hypothyroidism and its relationship to thyroid autoantibodies and sicca syndrome. Gastroenterology 78: 1437, 1980.

Elta GH, Sepersky RA, Goldberg MJ, Connors CM, Miller KB, Kaplan MM. Increased incidence of hypothyroidism in primary biliary cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 28: 971, 1983.

Zukowski TH, Jorgensen RA, Dickson ER, Lindor KD. Autoimmune conditions associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: response to ursodeoxycholic therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 93: 958, 1998.

Vallas M, Monier JC, Tourniaire J, Damon H, Girard D, Borson-Chozot F, Savoye B. Prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies in women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Presse Med 23: 1117, 1994.

Gaches F, Delaire L, Nadalon S, Loustaud-Ratti V, Vidal E. Frèquence des maladies auto-immunes chez 218 patients atteints de pathologies thyroidienne autoimmunes. Rev Mèd Interne 19: 173, 1998.

Saarinen S, Olerup O, Broomé U. 2000 Increased frequency of autoimmune diseases in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol 95: 3195, 1996.

Shong YK, Kim JA. Vitiligo in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Thyroidology 3: 89, 1991.

Betterle C, Cipriani R, Pedini B, Peserico A. Alopecia areata: a heterogeneous disease? Lancet 2: 635, 1984.

Pitoia F, Moncet D, Glorio R, Graciela Diaz A, Rodriguez Costa G, Carbia S, Cabrera H, Niepomniszcze H. Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Medicina (B Aires) 65: 307, 2005.

Dreskin SC, Andrews KY. The thyroid and urticaria. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 5: 408, 2005.

Aarli JA, Thunold S, Heimann P. Thyroiditis in myasthenia gravis. Acta Neurol Scand 58: 121, 1978.

Scherbaum WA, Schumm F, Maish B, Muller C, Fateh-Moghadam A, Fluchter SH, Seif FJ, Bottazzo GF, Berg PA. Myasthenia gravis: overlap with “polyendocrine” autoimmunity. Klin Wochenschr 61: 509, 1983.

Marinò M, Barbesino G, Manetti L, Chiovato L, Ricciardi R, Rossi B, Muratorio A, Mariotti S, Braverman LE, Pinchera A. Mild clinical expression of myasthenia gravis associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82: 3905, 1997.

Weissel M, Mayr N, Zeitlhofer J. Clinical significance of autoimmune thyroid diseases in myasthenia gravis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 108: 63, 2000.

De Keyser J Autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 38: 371, 1988

Seyfert S, Klapps P, Meisel C, Fisher T, Junghan U. Multiple sclerosis and other immunologic diseases. Acta Neurol Scand 81: 37, 1990.

Ioppoli C, Meucci G, Mariotti S, Martino S, Lippi A, Gironelli L, Pinchera A, Muratorio A. Circulating thyroid and gastric parietal cell autoantibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis. It J Neurol Sci 11: 31, 1990.

Annunziata P, Lorè F, Venturini E, Morana P, Guarino E, Borghi S, Guazzi GC. Early synthesis and correlation of serum antithyroid antibodies with clinical parameters in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 168: 32, 1999.

Durelli L, Oggero A, Verdun E, Isoardo GL, Barbero P, Bergamasco B, Brossa PC, Ghigo E, Maccario M, Faggiano F, Betaferon Safety Trial (BEST) Study Group. Thyroid function and anti-thyroid antibodies in MS patients screened for interferon treatment. A multicenter study. J Neurol Sci 193: 17, 2001.

Niederwieser G, Buchinger W, Bonelli RM, Berghold A, Reisecker F, Koltringer P, Archelos JJ. Prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis and non-immune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 250: 672, 2003.

Solimena M, Folli F, Aparisi R, Pozza G, De Camilli P. Autoantibodies to GABA-ergic neurons and pancreatic beta cells in stiff-man syndrome. N Engl J Med 322: 1555, 1990.

Grimaldi LM, Martino G, Braghi S, Quattrini A, Furlan R, Bosi E, Comi E. Heterogeneity of autoantibodies in stiff-man syndrome. Ann Neurol 34: 57, 1993.

Branehog I, Olsson KS, Weinfeld A, Domellof I. Association of hyperthyroidism with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic anaemia. Acta Med Scand 205: 125, 1979.

Valenta LJ, Treadwell T, Berry R, Elias N. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and Graves’ disease. Am J Hematol 12: 69, 1982.

Pratt EL, Tarantino MD, Wagner D, Hirsch Pescovitz O, Bowyer S, Shapiro AD. Prevalence of elevated antithyroid antibodies and antinuclear antibodies in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 79: 175, 2005.

Cordiano I, Betterle C, Spadaccino A, Soini B, Girolami A, Fabris F. Autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) and thyroid autoimmune disease (TAD): overlapping syndrome? Clin Exp Immunol 113: 373, 1998.

Becker KL, Ferguson RH, McConahey WM. The connective tissue diseases and symptoms associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. N Engl J Med 268: 277, 1963.

Masi AT, Hartmann WH, Hahn BH, Hahn B, Abbey H, Shulman LE. Hashimoto’s disease. A clinicopathological study with matched controls. Lack of significant associations with other autoimmune disorders. Lancet 1: 123, 1965.

Mulhern IM, Masi AT, Shulman LE. Hashimoto’s disease: a search for associated disorders in 170 clinically detected cases. Lancet 2: 508, 1966.

Loviselli A, Velluzzi F, Pala R, Marcello A, Nurchis P, Mathieu A, Bartalena L, Martino E, Grasso L. Circulating antibodies to DNA-related antigens in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Autoimmunity 14: 33, 1992.

Morita S, Arima T, Matsura M. Prevalence of nonthyroid specific autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80: 1203, 1995.

Miller FW, Moore GF, Weintraub BD, Steinberg AD. Prevalence of thyroid disease and abnormal thyroid function test results in patients with SLE. Arthritis Rheum 301: 1124, 1987.

Weetman AP, Walport MJ. The association of autoimmune thyroiditis with systemic lupus erithematosus. Br J Rheumatol 26: 359, 1987.

Al-Awadhi AM, Olusi S, Hasan EA, Abdullah A. Frequency of abnormal thyroid function tests in Kuwaiti Arabs with autoimmune diseases. Med Princ Pract 17: 61, 2008.

Thomas DJ, Young A, Gorsuch AN, Bottazzo GF, Cudworth AG. Evidence for an association between rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune endocrine diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 42: 297, 1983.

Bianchi GP, Marchesini G, Zoli M, Falasconi MC, Iervese T, Vecchi F, Magalotti D, Ferri S. Thyroid involvement in chronic inflammatory rheumatological disorders. Clin Rheumatol 12: 479, 1993.

Andonopoulos AP, Siambi V, Makri M, Christofidou M, Markou C, Vagenkis AG. Thyroid function and immune profile in rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled study. Clin Rheumatol 15: 599, 1996.

Punzi L, Ostuni PA, Betterle C, De Sandre P, Botsios C, Gambari F. Thyroid gland disorders in primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Rev Rheum 63: 809, 1996

Kahl LE, Medsger TA Jr, Klein I. Prospective evaluation of thyroid function in patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). J Rheumatol 13: 103, 1986.

Bloch KJ, Buchanan WW, Wohl MJ, Bunin JJ. Sjögren syndrome. A clinical, pathological and sierological study of 62 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 44: 187, 1965.

Hansen U, Ericsson UB, Larsson A, Manthorpe R, Warfvinge G. Autoimmune thyroiditis and primary Sjögren syndrome: clinical and laboratory evidence of the coexistence of the two diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 9: 137, 1991.

Coll J, Anglada J, Tomas S, Reth P, Goday A, Millan M, Pujol-Borrell R, Corominas J. High prevalence of subclinical Sjogren’s syndrome features in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Rheumatol 24: 1719, 1997.

Marongiu F, Conti M, Murtas ML, Sorano GG, Mameli G, Salis G, Mathieu A, Martino E. Anticardiolipin antibodies in Graves’ disease: relationship with thrombin activity in vivo. Thromb Res 64: 745, 1991.

Petri M, Karlson EW, Cooper DS, Ladenson PW. Autoantibody tests in autoimmune thyroid disease: a case control study. J Rheumatol 18: 1529, 1991.

Carré Y, Canivet B, Roul C, Sadoul JL, Baudouin F, Fredenrich A, Freychet P. Circulating anticoagulant and antiplatelet immunoglobulin in autoimmune thyroid disease. Eur J Med 2: 121, 1993.

Paggi A, Caccavo D, Ferri GM, Di Prima MA, Amoroso A, Vaccaro F, Bonomo L, Afeltra A. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 40: 329, 1994.

Nabriski D, Ellis M, Ness-Abramof, Shapiro M, Shenkman L Autoimmune thyroid disease and antiphospholipid antibodies. Am J Hematol 64: 73, 2000.

Jenette JC, Falk RJ Small-vessel vasculitis. N Engl J Med 337: 1512, 1997.

Antonelli A, Ferri C, Fallahi P, Giuggioli D, Nesti C, Longobardo G, Fadda P, Pampana A, Maccheroni M, Ferrannini E. Thyroid involvement in patients with overt HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinaemia. QJ Med 97: 499, 2004.