Simultaneous detection of respiratory syncytial virus types A and B and influenza virus types A and B in community-acquired pneumonia by reverse transcription-multiplex PCR

Liolios, 2001, Comparison of a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR-enzyme hybridization assay with conventional viral culture and immunofluorescence techniques for the detection of seven viral respiratory pathogens, J Clin Microbiol, 39, 2779, 10.1128/JCM.39.8.2779-2783.2001 Rudan, 2008, Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia, Bull World Health Organ, 86, 408, 10.2471/BLT.07.048769 WHO. Acute respiratory infections. 2009. Available at: <www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/ari/en/print.html>. Cutts, 2005, Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet, 365, 1139, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71876-6 Watt, 2009, Burden of disease caused by Haemophilus influenza type b in children younger than 5 years: global estimates, Lancet, 374, 903, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61203-4 Massimiliano, 2009, Epidemiological and clinical study of viral respiratory tract infections in children from Italy, J Med Virol, 81, 750, 10.1002/jmv.21457 Swati, 2008, J Clin Microb, 46, 3063, 10.1128/JCM.00625-08 Henrickson KJ, Kraft AJ, Canter D, Shaw J. Comparison of electronic microarray to enzyme hybridization assay for multiplex reverse-transcriptase PCR detection of common respiratory viruses in children. Clin Microbiol Newsl 2007;29(15). <www.cmnewsletter.com>. Kusel, 2006, Role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life: a birth cohort study, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 25, 680, 10.1097/01.inf.0000226912.88900.a3 O’Callaghan, 2011, Aetiology and epidemiology of viral pneumonia among hospitalized children in rural mozambique: a malaria endemic area with high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, Paediatr Infect Dis J, 30, 39, 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181f232fe Matheson M, Tor AS, Biwa NS, Ram KC, Pale VB, Sudha B, et al. RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study. BMC Med 2009;7–35. <http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/7/45>. Drummond, 2000, Community acquired pneumonia – a prospective UK study, Arch Dis Child, 83, 408, 10.1136/adc.83.5.408 Katherine, 2006, Frequent detection of human rhinoviruses, paramyxoviruses, corona viruses, and bocavirus during acute respiratory tract infections, J Med Virol, 78, 1232, 10.1002/jmv.20689 Charung, 2009, Factors associated with diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in children of Northern Thailand, Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 40, 563 Ian, 2004, Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children, Pediatrics, 113, 701, 10.1542/peds.113.4.701 Simoes, 2003, Environmental and demographic risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease, J Pediatr, 143, S118, 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00511-0 Korppi, 2008, The value of clinical features in differentiating between viral, pneumococcal and atypical bacterial pneumonia in children, Acta Paediatr, 97, 943, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00789.x Alan, 2002, Pneumonia due to viral and atypical organisms and their sequelae: childhood respiratory infections, Br Med Bull, 61, 247, 10.1093/bmb/61.1.247 Silvennoinen, 2009, Clinical presentation of influenza in unselected children treated as outpatients, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 28, 372, 10.1097/INF.0b013e318191eef7 Virkki, 2002, Differentiation of bacterial and viral pneumonia in children, Thorax, 57, 438, 10.1136/thorax.57.5.438