Simulation of an Epidural Test Dose with Intravenous Epinephrine in Sevoflurane-Anesthetized Children

Lerman, 1995, The pharmacology of sevoflurane in infants and children., Anesthesiology, 82, 38

Yasuda, 1989, Solubility of I-653, sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane in human tissues., Anesth Analg, 68, 370

Desparmet, 1990, Efficacy of epidural test dose in children anesthetized with halothane., Anesthesiology, 72, 249, 10.1097/00000542-199002000-00007

Crawford, 1985, Some maternal complications of epidural analgesia for labour., Br J Anaesth, 40, 1219, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1985.tb10664.x

Matsumiya, 1986, Cardiovascular collapse in an infant after caudal anesthesia with a lidocaine-epinephrine solution., Anesth Analg, 65, 1074, 10.1213/00000539-198610000-00017

Guinard, 1990, Test doses; optimal epinephrine content with and without acute beta-adrenergic blockade., Anesthesiology, 73, 386, 10.1097/00000542-199009000-00004

Tanaka, 1995, Efficacy of simulated epidural test doses in adult patients anesthetized with isoflurane: a dose-response study., Anesth Analg, 81, 987

Donchin, 1985, Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during recovery from isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia., Anesth Analg, 64, 811, 10.1213/00000539-198508000-00012

Leighton, 1987, Limitations of epinephrine as a marker of intravascular injection in laboring women., Anesthesiology, 66, 688, 10.1097/00000542-198705000-00017

Leighton, 1989, Isoproterenol is an effective marker of intravenous injection in laboring women., Anesthesiology, 712, 206, 10.1097/00000542-198908000-00007

Guinard, 1995, Aging reduces the reliability of epidural epinephrine test doses., Reg Anesth, 20, 193

Vestal, 1979, Reduced beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity in the elderly., Clin Pharmacol Ther, 26, 181, 10.1002/cpt1979262181

Tanaka, 1996, Epidural test dose: isoproterenol is a reliable marker for intravascular injection in anesthetized adults., Anesth Analg, 82, 1056

Kozek-Langenecker, 1996, Simulation of an epidural test dose with intravenous isoproterenol in awake and in halothane-anesthetized children., Anesthesiology, 85, 277, 10.1097/00000542-199608000-00008

Srowe, 1988, Volatile anesthetics attenuate sympathomimetic actions on the guinea pig SA node., Anesthesiology, 68, 887, 10.1097/00000542-198806000-00009

Navarro, 1994, Humans anesthetized with sevoflurane or isoflurane have similar arrhythmic response to epinephrine., Anesthesiology, 80, 545, 10.1097/00000542-199403000-00010

Hikasa, 1996, Ventricular arrhythmogenic dose of adrenaline during sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anaesthesia either with or without ketamine or thiopentone in cats., Res Vet Sci, 60, 134, 10.1016/S0034-5288(96)90007-7

Feldman, 1989, Comparative systemic toxicity of convulsant and supraconvulsant doses of intravenous ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine in the conscious dog., Anesth Analg, 69, 794, 10.1213/00000539-198912000-00019

Vinik, 1982, Premedication with intramuscular midazolam: a prospective randomized double-blind controlled study., Anesth Analg, 61, 933, 10.1213/00000539-198211000-00008

Boon, 1996, Hydroxyzine premedication: does it provide better anxiolysis than a placebo?, S Afr Med J, 86, 661