Silicon nutrition and mycorrhizal inoculations improve growth, nutrient status, K+/Na+ ratio and yield of Cicer arietinum L. genotypes under salinity stress
Tóm tắt
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and productivity. Role of silicon (Si) nutrition and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in mitigating salt stress has gained importance in recent years. Legumes are sensitive to salinity and are considered low Si-accumulators. AM have been reported to increase Si uptake in mycorrhizal plants. However, little is known about the alleviative role of Si and/or AM in mitigating salt stress in Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea). Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the individual and cumulative effect of Si and AM (Funneliformis mosseae) on nutrient status, growth and productivity of salt tolerant HC 3 and salt sensitive CSG 9505 genotypes of chickpea under salinity stress conditions. The genotypes were subjected to 0, 60, 80,100 mM NaCl and 0, 4 mM potassium silicate—K2SiO3 treatments in the presence and absence of AM fungi. The results indicated that the Si and AM treatments improve the endogenous nutrients profile, growth characteristics and yield attributes under salinity stress. AM was found to be more efficient in improving growth and productivity while Si was more beneficial in improving K+/Na+ ratio. Mycorrhization mediated significant improvement in Si uptake and as a result, Si supplementation along with mycorrhization reduced Na+ content significantly, improved growth, yield and nutrient uptake, arrested chlorophyll pigment damage and increased RUBISCO activity. HC 3 was more responsive to mycorrhization and Si nutrition than CSG 9505. The study will contribute to our understanding of Si and/or AM mediated salinity tolerance mechanism for developing chickpea genotypes resistance to salt stress.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abbas T, Balal RM, Shahid MA, Pervez MA, Ayyub CM, Aqueel MA, Javaid MM (2015) Silicon-induced alleviation of NaCl toxicity in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is associated with enhanced photosynthesis, osmoprotectants and antioxidant metabolism. Acta Physiol Plant 37:6
Abbasi GH, Akhtar J, Ahmad R, Jamil M, Anwar-ul-Haq M, Ali S, Ijaz M (2015) Potassium application mitigates salt stress differentially at different growth stages in tolerant and sensitive maize hybrids. Plant Growth Regul 76:111–125
Ahmad R, Zaheer SH, Ismail S (1992) Role of silicon in salt tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Sci 85:43–50
Al-aghabary K, Zhu ZJ, Shi QH (2004) Influence of silicon supply on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidative enzyme activities in tomato plants under salt stress. J Plant Nutr 27:2101–2115
Allen SF, Grimshaw HF, Rowl AB (1984) Chemical analysis. In: Moor PD, Chapman SB (eds) Methods in plant ecolgy. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 185–344
Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenyloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1–15
Aroca R, Bago A, Sutka M, Paz JA, Cano C, Amodeo G, Ruiz-Lozano JM (2009) Expression analysis of the first arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi aquaporin described reveals concerted gene expression between salt-stressed and nonstressed mycelium. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 22:1169–1178
Augé RM, Toler HD, Saxton AM (2014) Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and osmotic adjustment in response to NaCl stress: a meta-analysis. Front Plant Sci 5:562. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00562
Balakhnina TI, Bulak P, Matichenkov VV, Kosobryukhov AA, Włodarczyk TM (2015) The influence of Si-rich mineral zeolite on the growth processes and adaptive potential of barley plants under cadmium stress. Plant Growth Regul 75:557–565
Chinnusamy V, Jagendorf A, Zhu JK (2005) Understanding and improving salt tolerance in plants. Crop Sci 45:437–448
Clark RB, Zeto SK (2000) Mineral acquisition by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. J Plant Nutr 23:867–902
Cramer GR (2002) Sodium-calcium interactions under salinity stress. In: Läuchli A, Lüttge U (eds) Salinity: environment - plants-molecules. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp 205–227
Detmann KC, Araújo L, Martins SCV, Sanglard LMVP, Reis JV, Detmann E, Rodrigues FÁ, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, DaMatta FA (2012) Silicon nutrition increases grain yield, which, in turn, exerts a feed-forward stimulation of photosynthetic rates via enhanced mesophyll conductance and alters primary metabolism in rice. N Phytol 196:752–762
Elliot CL, Snyder GH (1991) Autoclave-induced digestion for the colorimetric determination of silicon in rice straw. J Agric Food Chem 39:1118–1119
Estefan G, Sommer R, Ryan J (2013) Methods of soil, plant, and water analysis: a manual for the West Asia and North Africa region, 3rd edn. ICARDA, West Asia
Estrada B, Aroca R, Maathuis FJM, Barea JM, Ruiz-Lozano JM (2013) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native from a mediterranean saline area enhance maize tolerance to salinity through improved ion homeostasis. Plant Cell Environ 36:1771–1782
Evelin H, Kapoor R, Giri B (2009) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review. Ann Bot 104:1263–1280
Fair P, Tew J, Cresswell CF (1973) Enzyme activities associated with CO2 exchange in illuminated leaves of Hordeum vulgare L. Effect of light period, leaf age and position on CO2 compensation point. Ann Bot 37:831–844
Flowers TJ, Gaur PM, Gowda CLL, Krishnamurthy L, Samineni S, Siddique KHM, Turner NC, Vadez V, Varshney RK, Colmer TD (2010) Salt sensitivity in chickpea. Plant Cell Environ 33:490–509
Galmés J, Aranjuelo I, Medrano H, Flexas J (2013) Variation in Rubisco content and activity under variable climatic factors. Photosynth Res 117(1–3):73–90
Gao X, Zou C, Wang L, Zhang F (2006) Silicon decreases transpiration rate and conductance from stomata of maize plants. J Plant Nutr 29:1637–1647
Garg N, Chandel S (2015) Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in arresting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and strengthening antioxidant defense in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. nodules under salinity (NaCl) and cadmium (Cd) stress. Plant Growth Regul 75:521–534
Garg N, Manchanda G (2009) Role of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the alleviation of ionic, osmotic and oxidative stresses induced by salinity in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea). J Agron Crop Sci 195:110–123
Garg N, Pandey R (2015) Effectiveness of native and exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient uptake and ion homeostasis in salt-stressed Cajanus cajan L. (Millsp.) genotypes. Mycorrhiza 25(3):165–180
Gautam A, Mahmood I (2002) Comparative efficacy of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species (AMF) on chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Mycorrhiza News 14:9–11
Giovannetti M, Mosse B (1980) Evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. N Phytol 84:489–500
Gong HJ, Randall DP, Flowers TJ (2006) Silicon deposition in root reduces sodium uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings by reducing bypass flow. Plant Cell Environ 29:1970–1979
Gunes A, Ali I, Bagci EG, Pilbeam DJ (2007) Silicon-mediated changes of some physiological and enzymatic parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress in spinach and tomato grown in sodic-B toxic soil. Plant Soil 290:103–114
Hajiboland R (2013) Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in amelioration of salinity. In: Ahmad P, Azooz MM, Prasad MNV (eds) Salt stress in plants: signalling, omics and adaptations. Springer, New York, pp 301–354
Hajiboland R, Aliasgharzadeh N, Laiegh SF, Poschenrieder C (2010) Colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves salinity tolerance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. Plant Soil 331:313–327
Hammer EC, Nasr H, Pallon J, Olsson PA, Wallander H (2011) Elemental composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at high salinity. Mycorrhiza 21(2):117–129
Han Y, Shuya Y, Huang L (2015) Towards plant salinity tolerance-implications from ion transporters and biochemical regulation. Plant Growth Regul 76:13–23
Hattori T, Inanaga S, Tanimoto E, Lux A, Luxová M, Sugimoto Y (2003) Silicon-induced changes in viscoelastic properties of sorghum root cell walls. Plant Cell Physiol 44(7):743–749
Hellal FA, Abdelhameid M, Abo-Basha DM, Zewainy RM (2012) Alleviation of the adverse effects of soil salinity stress by foliar application of silicon on faba bean (Vica faba L.). J Appl Sci Res 8(8):4428–4433
Hetrick BAD, Wilson GWT, Cox TS (1992) Mycorrhizal dependence of modern wheat varieties, landraces, and ancestors. Can J Bot 70:2032–2040
Hiscox TD, Israelstam GF (1979) A method for extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Can J Bot 57:1332–1334
Jackson ML (1973) Soil chemical analysis. Published by Printice Hall, New Delhi, p 485
Juniper S, Abbott LK (2006) Soil delays germination and limits growth of hyphae from propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza 16:371–379
Kang JJ, Zhao WZ, Zhao M, Zheng Y, Yang F (2015) NaCl and Na2SiO3 coexistence strengthens growth of the succulent xerophyte Nitraria tangutorum under drought. Plant Growth Regul. doi:10.1007/s10725-015-0055-9
Kardoni F, Mosavi SJS, Parande S, Torbaghan ME (2013) Effect of salinity stress and silicon application on yield and component yield of faba bean (Vicia faba). Int J Agric Crop Sci 6:814–818
Kaya C, Ashraf M, Sonmez O, Aydemir S, Tuna AL, Cullu MA (2009) The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on key growth parameters and fruit yield of pepper plants at high salinity. Sci Hort 121:1–6
Leport L, Turner NC, Dauies SL, Siddique KHM (2006) Variation in pod production and abortion among chickpea cultivars under terminal drought. Eur J Agron 24(3):236–246
Li H, Zhu Y, Hu Y, Han W, Gong H (2015) Beneficial effects of silicon in alleviating salinity stress of tomato seedlings grown under sand culture. Acta Physiol Plant 37:71
Liang Y, Zhang WQ, Chen J, Ding R (2005) Effect of silicon on H+-ATPase and H+-PPase activity, fatty acid composition and fluidity of tonoplast vesicles from roots of salt stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Environ Exp Bot 53:29–37
Liang YC, Sun WC, Zhu YG, Christie P (2007) Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants: a review. Environ Pollut 147:422–428
Lindner RC (1944) Rapid analytical method for some of the more inorganic constituents of plants tissue. Plant Physiol 19:76–89
Liu P, Yin L, Wang S, Zhang M, Deng X, Zhang S, Tanaka K (2015) Enhanced root hydraulic conductance by aquaporin regulation accounts for silicon alleviated salt-induced osmotic stress in Sorghum bicolor L. Environ Exp Bot 11:42–51
Ma JF, Yamaji N (2008) Functions and transport of silicon in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 65:3049–3057
Mali M, Aery NC (2009) Effect of silicon on growth, biochemical constituents, and mineral nutrition of cowpea. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 40:1041–1052
Maurel C, Verdoucq L, Luu DT, Santoni V (2008) Plant aquaporins: membrane channels with multiple integrated functions. Ann Rev Plant Biol 59:595–624
Meena VD, Rajendiran S, Dotaniya ML, Kundu AS, Coumar V, Rao AS (2014) A case for silicon fertilization to improve crop yields in tropical soils. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect B Biol Sci 84(3):505–518
Mitani N, Ma JF (2005) Uptake system of silicon in different plant species. J Exp Bot 56:1255–1261
Muneer S, Jeong BR (2015) Proteomic analysis of salt-stress responsive proteins in roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants towards silicon efficiency. Plant Growth. doi:10.1007/s10725-015-0045-y
Munns R, Tester M (2008) Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:651–681
Munns R, Wallace PA, Teakle NL, Colmer TD (2010) Measuring soluble ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Cl−) in salt-treated plants. In: Sunkar R (ed) Plant stress tolerance, methods in molecular biology. Springer, Berlin, pp 371–382
Murillo-Amador B, Yamada ST, Yamaguchi E, Rueda-Puente E, Avila-Serrano N, Garcia-Hernandez JL, Lopez-Aguilar R, Troyo-Dieguez E, Nieto-Garibay A (2007) Influence of calcium silicate on growth, physiological parameters and mineral nutrition in two legume species under salt stress. J Agron Crop Sci 193:413–421
Murkute AA, Sharma S, Singh SK (2006) Studies on salt stress tolerance of citrus rootstock genotypes with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Hortic Sci 33:70–76
Nogueira MA, Cardoso E, Hampp R (2002) Manganese toxicity and callose deposition in leaves are attenuated in mycorrhizal soybean. Plant Soil 246:1–10
Phillips JM, Hayman DS (1970) Improved procedures for clearing and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans Br Mycol Soc 55:158–161
Pushpavalli R, Quealy J, Colmer TD, Turner NC, Siddique KHM, Rao MV, Vadez V (2015) Salt stress delayed flowering and reduced reproductive success of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a response associated with Na+ accumulation in leaves. J Agron Crop Sci. doi:10.1111/jac.12128
Romero-Aranda MR, Jurado O, Cuartero J (2006) Silicon alleviates the deleterious salt effect on tomato plant growth by improving plant water status. J Plant Physiol 163:847–855
Ruiz-Lozano JM, Porcel R, Azcón C, Aroca R (2012) Regulation by arbuscular mycorrhizae of the integrated physiological response to salinity in plants: new challenges in physiological and molecular studies. J Exp Bot 63(11):4033–4044
Shah JP, Thivakaran GA (2014) GIS study on chemical properties of salt affected soils of coastal kachchh, Gujarat, India. Annu Res Rev Biol 4(23):3492–3503
Shahzad M, Zörb C, Geilfus C-M, Mühling KH (2013) Apoplastic Na+ in Vicia faba leaves rises after short-term salt stress and is remedied by silicon. J Agron Crop Sci 199:161–170
Sheng M, Tang M, Chan H, Yang B, Zhang F, Huang Y (2008) Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on photosynthesis and water status of maize plants under salt stress. Mycorrhiza 18:287–296
Singh AK, Dubey RS (1995) Changes in chlorophyll a and b concentrations and activities of photosystems 1 and 2 in rice seedlings induced by NaCl. Photosynthetica (Prague) 31:489–499
Smith SE, Jakobsen I, Gronlund M, Smith FA (2011) Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant phosphorus nutrition: interactions between pathways of phosphorus uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots have important implications for understanding and manipulating plant phosphorus acquisition. Plant Physiol 156:1050–1057
Talaat NB, Ghoniem AE, Abdelhamid MT, Shawky BT (2015) Effective microorganisms improve growth performance, alter nutrients acquisition and induce compatible solutes accumulation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants subjected to salinity stress. Plant Growth Regul 75:281–295
Weatherley PE (1950) Studies in the water relations of cotton plant. I. The field measurement of water deficits in leaves. N Phytol 49:81–97
Yeo AR, Flowers SA, Rao G, Welfare K, Senanayake N, Flowers TJ (1999) Silicon reduces sodium uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in saline conditions and this is accounted for by a reduction in the transpiration bypass flow. Plant Cell Environ 22:559–565
Yost RS, Fox RL (1982) Influence of mycorrhizae on the mineral contents of cowpea and soybean grown in an oxisol. Agron J 74:475–481
Zhu Y, Gong H (2014) Beneficial effects of silicon on salt and drought tolerance in plants. Agron Sustain Dev 34(2):455–472
Zuccarini P (2008) Effects of silicon on photosynthesis, water relations and nutrient uptake of Phaseolus vulgaris under NaCl stress. Biol Plantarum 52:157–160