Silica nanowires reinforced self-hydrophobic silica aerogel derived from crosslinking of propyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology - Tập 83 - Trang 545-554 - 2017
Shanghong Li1, Lei Zhang1, Ji Li1, Ze Wu1, Chunhui Yang1
1MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People’s Republic of China

Tóm tắt

Silica aerogels are utilized in the industry and scientific investigations. However, most silica aerogels are brittle, which hinders their development and application. In this paper, we reported the design and synthesis of a silica aerogel composite reinforced with silica nanowires by using two silicon sources: propyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane. The effects of varying silica nanowires contents on the properties of the silica aerogel composites were studied and compared with those of neat silica aerogel under identical conditions. The composites were obtained by mixing silica nanowires with hybrid silica sol without surface modification and dried in ambient atmosphere. The samples showed low density (0.172 g cm−3), high porosity (over 90%), and super hydrophobicity (the water contact angle reached 153°). The cross-linked silica aerogel composites showed excellent mechanical behavior and can be compressed by as high as 70% of their initial length before they were broken. The maximum completely recoverable compressive strain reached 50%. The elastic modulus of the optimal silica nanowires/silica aerogel composite increased by 67% (from 0.21 to 0.35 MPa) compared with that of the neat silica aerogel. The cross-linked propyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane can be used to synthesize new types of elastic silica aerogels, and the excellent performance of the silica nanowires/silica aerogels composite will enable its application in various fields.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Morris CA, Anderson ML, Stroud RM, Merzbacher CI, Rolison DR (1999) Silica Sol as a Nanoglue: Flexible Synthesis of Composite Aerogels. Science 284:622–624 Sorensen L, Strouse GF, Stiegman AE (2006) Fabrication of Stable Low‐Density Silica Aerogels Containing Luminescent ZnS Capped CdSe Quantum Dots. Adv Mater 18:1965 Katti A, Shimpi N, Roy S, Lu H, Fabrizio EF, Dass A, Capadona LA, Leventis N (2006) Chemical, Physical, and Mechanical Characterization of Isocyanate Cross-linked Amine-Modified Silica Aerogels. Chem Mater 18:285–296 Ilhan UF, Fabrizio EF, McCorkle L, Scheiman DA, Dass A, Palczer A, Meador MB, Johnston JC, Leventis N (2006) Hydrophobic monolithic aerogels by nanocasting polystyrene on amine-modified silica. J Mater Chem 16:3046–3054 Fidalgo A, Farinha JPS, Martinho JMG, Ilharco LM (2003) Flexible hybrid aerogels prepared under subcritical conditions. J Mater Chem A 1:12044–12052 Kistler S (1931) Coherent Expanded Aerogels and Jellies. Nature 127:741–741 Guo H, Meador MAB, McCorkle L, Quade DJ, Guo JA, Hamilton B, Cakmak M, Sprowl G (2011) Polyimide aerogels cross-linked through amine functionalized polyoligomeric silsesquioxane. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:546–552 Duan Y, Jana SC, Reinsel AM, Lama B, Espe MP (2012) Surface modification and reinforcement of silica aerogels using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. Langmuir 28:15362–15371 Barczak M, Borowski P, Da˛browski A (2009) Structure-adsorption properties of ethylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes and polysiloxanes functionalized with different groups. Colloids Surf A 347:114–120 Nakanishi K, Kanamori K (2005) Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Poly(silsesquioxane) Monoliths with Controlled Macro- and Mesopores. J Mater Chem 15:3776–3786 Kanamori K, Aizawa M, Nakanishi K, Hanada T (2007) New Transparent Methylsilsesquioxane Aerogels and Xerogels with Improved Mechanical Properties. Adv Mater 19:1589–1593 Ma Y, Kanezashi M, Tsuru T (2010) Preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid silica using methyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane as co-precursors. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 53:93–99 Guo H, Nguyen BN, McCorkle LS, Shonkwiler B, Meador MAB (2009) Elastic low density aerogels derived from bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide, tetramethylorthosilicate and vinyltrimethoxysilane via a two-step process. J Mater Chem 19:9054–9062 Nadargi DY, Latthe SS, Hirashima H, Rao AV (2009) Studies on rheological properties of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) based flexible superhydrophobic silica aerogels. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 117:617–626 Hayase G, Kanamori K, Nakanishi K (2011) New flexible aerogels and xerogels derived from methyltrimethoxysilane/dimethyldimethoxysilane co-precursors. J Mater Chem 21:17077–17079 Williams JC, Meador MAB, McCorkle L, Mueller C, Wilmoth N (2014) Synthesis and Properties of Step-Growth Polyamide Aerogels Cross-linked with Triacid Chlorides. Chem Mater 26:4163–4171 Meador MAB, Vivod SL, McCorkle L, Quade D, Sullivan RM, Ghosn LJ, Clark N, Capadona LA (2008) Reinforcing polymer cross-linked aerogels with carbon nanofibers. J Mater Chem 18:1843–1852 Zheng HX, Shan HR, Bai Y, Wang XF, Liu LF, Yu JY, Ding B (2015) Metal Coordination Mediated Reversible Conversion between Linear and Cross‐Linked Supramolecular Polymers. RSC Adv 5:91813–91820 Sai HZ, Xing L, Xiang JH, Cui LJ, Jiao JB, Zhao CL, Li ZY, Li F (2013) Flexible aerogels based on an interpenetrating network of bacterial cellulose and silica by a non-supercritical drying process. J Mater Chem A 1:7963–7970 Zhao SY, Zhang Z, Sebe G, Wu R, Virtudazo RVR, Tingaut P, Koebel MM (2015) Multiscale Assembly of Superinsulating Silica Aerogels Within Silylated Nanocellulosic Scaffolds: Improved Mechanical Properties Promoted by Nanoscale Chemical Compatibilization. Adv Funct Mater 25:2326–2334 Li LC, Yalcin B, Nguyen BN, Meador MAB, Cakmak M (2009) Flexible Nanofiber-Reinforced Aerogel (Xerogel) Synthesis, Manufacture, and Characterization. ACS Appl. Mater Interfaces 1:2491–2501 Hayase G, Nonomura K, Kanamori K, Maeno A, Kaji H, Nakanishi K (2016) Boehmite Nanofiber–Polymethylsilsesquioxane Core–Shell Porous Monoliths for a Thermal Insulator under Low Vacuum Conditions. Chem Mater 28:3237–3240 Bhagat SD, Oh C-S, Kim Y-H, Ahn Y-S, Yeo J-G (2007) Methyltrimethoxysilane based monolithic silica aerogels via ambient pressure drying. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 100:350–355 Aravind PR, Niemeyer P, Ratke L (2013) Novel Flexible Aerogels Derived from Methyltrimethoxysilane/3-(2,3-Epoxypropoxy) Propyltrimethoxysilane Co-Precursor. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 181:111–115 Chidambareswarapattar C, McCarver PM, Luo H, Lu H, Sotiriou- Leventis C, Leventis N (2013) Fractal Multiscale Nanoporous Polyurethanes: Flexible to Extremely Rigid Aerogels from Multifunctional Small Molecules. Chem Mater 25:3205–3224 Kuijk A, Blaaderen AV, Imhof A (2011) Synthesis of monodisperse, rodlike silica colloids with tunable aspect ratio. J Am Chem Soc 172:128–135 Brinker CJ, Scherer GW (1990) Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing. Academic Press: New York, 1990:465–468 He P, Gao XD, Li XM et al. (2014) Highly transparent silica aerogel thick films with hierarchical porosity from water glass via ambient pressure drying. Mater Chem Phys 174:65–74 Yun S, Luo H, Gao Y (2015) Low-density, hydrophobic, highly flexible ambient-pressure-dried monolithic bridged silsesquioxane aerogels. J Mater Chem A 3:3390–3398 Nguyen BN, Meador MAB, Medoro A, Arendt V, Randall J, McCorke L, Shonkwiler B (2010) Elastic behavior of methyltrimethoxysilane based aerogels reinforced with tri-isocyanate. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:1430–1443 Li W, Li F, Zhuo F, Cao M, Cai Q et al. (2015) Preparation of silica aerogels using CTAB/SDS as template and their efficient adsorption. Appl Surf Sci 353:1031–1036 Schiffres SN, Kim KH, Hu L, McGaughey AJH, Islam MF, Malen JA (2012) Gas Diffusion, Energy Transport, and Thermal Accommodation in Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Aerogels. Adv Funct Mater 22:5251–5258 Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A (2005) Polymer Science Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw Material Angewandte. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:3358–3393 Si Y, Ren T, Ding B, Yu JY, Sun G (2012) Synthesis of mesoporous magnetic Fe3O4@carbon nanofibers utilizing in situ polymerized polybenzoxazine for water purification. J Mater Chem 22:4619–4622 Pierotti R, Rouquerol J (1985) Recent developments in the calorimetric and thermoanalytical approaches to problems related to fossil fuels (genesis, extraction and use). Pure Appl Chem 57:603–619 Leventis N, Chidambareswarapattar C, Bang A, SotiriouLeventis C (2014) Cocoon-in-web-like superhydrophobic aerogels from hydrophilic polyurea and use in environmental remediation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:6872–6882