Silencing of flavanone-3-hydroxylase in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) leads to accumulation of flavanones, but not to reduced fire blight susceptibility

Halbwirth, 2003, Induction of antimicrobial 3-deoxyflavonoids in pome fruit trees controls fire blight, Zeitschr Naturf, 58c, 765 Peil, 2009, Improvement of fire blight resistance in apple and pear, Int. J. Plant Breed, 3, 1 Rademacher, 1992, The mode of action of acylcyclohexanediones – a new type of growth retardant, 571 Snyder, 1990, Synthesis of phytoalexins in Sorghum as a site-specific response to fungal ingress, Science, 248, 1637, 10.1126/science.248.4963.1637 Roemmelt, 2003, Formation of novel flavonoids in apple (Malus x domestica) treated with the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase inhibitor prohexadione-Ca, Phytochemistry, 64, 709, 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00389-3 Spinelli, 2005, Luteoforol, a flavan-4-ol, is induced in pome fruits by prohexadione-calcium and shows phytoalexin-like properties against Erwinia amylovora and other plant pathogens, Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 112, 133, 10.1007/s10658-005-2192-x Fischer, 2003, Molecular cloning, substrate specificity of the functionally expressed dihydroflavonol 4-reductases from Malus domestica and Pyrus communis cultivars and the consequences for flavonoid metabolism, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 412, 223, 10.1016/S0003-9861(03)00013-4 Pfeiffer, 2006, Biosynthesis of catechins by leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductases (LAR) and anthocyanidin reductases (ANR) in leaves of grape (Vitis vinifera), apple (Malus x domestica) and other crops, Plant Physiol. Bioch, 44, 323, 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.06.001 McGrath, 2009, Evidence that Prohexadione Calcium induces structural resistance to fire blight infection, Phytopathology, 99, 591, 10.1094/PHYTO-99-5-0591 Roemmelt, 2003, Effect of dioxygenase inhibitors on the resistance-related flavonoid metabolism of apple and pears: chemical, biochemical and molecular biological aspects, Europ J. Hort Sci., 68, 129 Halbwirth, 2006, Screening for inhibitors of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases: flavanone-3 beta-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase, Plant Sci., 171, 194, 10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.03.014 Rademacher, 2000, Growth retardants: effects on gibberellin biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways, Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 51, 501, 10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.501 Hanke, 2000, Transformation in apple for increased disease resistance, Acta Hort., 538, 611, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.538.107 Bulley, 2007, Transformed apples: traits of significance to growers and consumers, Transgenic Plant J., 1, 267 Fischer, 2006, Induction of polyphenol gene expression in apple (Malus x domestica) after the application of a dioxygenase enzyme inhibitor, Physiol. Plantarum, 128, 604, 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00787.x Gosch, 2003, Effect of prohexadione-Ca on various fruit crops: flavonoid composition and substrate specificity of their dihydroflavonol 4-reductases, Eur. J. Hort. Sci., 68, 144 Puhl, 2008, Alterations of flavonoid biosynthesis in young grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves, flowers, and berries induced by the dioxygenase inhibitor prohexadione-Ca, J. Agr. Food Chem., 56, 2498, 10.1021/jf0727645 Owens, 2008, Biochemical and genetic characterization of Arabidopsis flavanone 3β-hydroxylase, Plant Physiol. Biochem., 46, 833, 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.06.004 Harborne, 1967 Treutter, 2010, Effect of bioregulators on growth and secondary metabolism of Actinidia arguta plants, Acta Hort., 884, 689, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.884.93 Velasco, 2010, The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), Nat. Genet., 42, 833, 10.1038/ng.654 Fischer, 2007, Flavonoid genes of pear (Pyrus communis), Trees Struct. Funct., 21, 521, 10.1007/s00468-007-0145-z Flachowsky, 2007, Overexpression of BpMADS4 from silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) induces early flowering in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), Plant Breed., 126, 137, 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01344.x Murashige, 1962, A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures, Physiol. Plantarum, 15, 473, 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x Bolar, 1998, Factors affecting the transformation of ‘Marshall McIntosh’ apple by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Plant Cell Tiss. Org., 5, 31, 10.1023/A:1026414031217 Li, 2007, Maize Lc transcription factor causes induction of anthocyanins, distinct proanthocyanidins and phenylpropanoids in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), Planta, 226, 1243, 10.1007/s00425-007-0573-4 Vandesompele, 2002, Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes, Genome Biol., 3, 1, 10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0034 Halbwirth, 2002, Biochemical and molecular biological investigations with respect to induction of fire blight resistance in apple and pear by transiently altering the polyphenol metabolism with specific enzyme inhibitors, Acta Hortic., 590, 485, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.590.75 Sandermann, 1972, Purification and properties of C55-isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase from Staphylococcus aureus, J. Biol. Chem., 247, 5123, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)44948-X Slatnar, 2010, Enzyme activity of the phenylpropanoid pathway as a response to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint.) infection, Ann. Appl. Biol., 156, 449, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2010.00402.x Treutter, 1994, Identification of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins by high performance liquid chromatography and chemical reaction detection, J. Chromatogr. A., 667, 290, 10.1016/0021-9673(94)89078-1 Treutter, 1989, Chemical reaction detection of catechins and proanthocyanidins with 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, J. Chromatogr. A., 467, 185, 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93963-9 Mayr, 1995, Developmental changes in the phenol concentrations of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruits and leaves, Phytochemistry, 38, 1151, 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00760-Q Flachowsky, 2008, Transgenic expression of a viral EPS-depolymerase is potentially useful to induce fire blight resistance in apple, Ann. Appl. Biol., 1153, 345, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2008.00264.x