Shorter anogenital distance is observed in patients with testicular microlithiasis using magnetic resonance imaging

Doherty FJ, Mullins TL, Sant GR, Drinkwater MA, Ucci AAJ (1987) Testicular microlithiasis: a unique sonographic appearance. J Ultrasound Med 6:389–392 Fedder J, Gravholt CH, Kristensen SG et al (2015) Testicular sperm sampling by subcapsular orchiectomy in Klinefelter patients: a new simplified treatment approach. Urology 86:744–750 Goede J, Hack WWM, van der Voort-Doedens LM, Pierik FH, Looijenga LHJ, Sijstermans K (2010) Testicular microlithiasis in boys and young men with congenital or acquired undescended (ascending) testis. J Urol 183:1539–1544 Aizenstein RI, DiDomenico D, Wilbur AC, O´Neil HK (1998) Testicular microlithiasis: association with male infertility. J Clin Ultrasound 26:195–198 Pedersen MR, Bartlett EC, Rafaelsen SR et al (2017) Testicular microlithiasis is associated with ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Acta Radiol Open 6:205846011772367 van Casteren NJ, Looijenga LH, Dohle GR (2009) Testicular microlithiasis and carcinoma in situ overview and proposed clinical guideline. Int J Androl 32:279–287 Peterson AC, Bauman JM, Light DE, McMann LP, Costabile RA (2001) The prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in an asymptomatic population of men 18 to 35 years old. J Urol 166:2061–2064 Dantsev IS, Ivkin EV, Tryakin AA et al (2018) Genes associated with testicular germ cell tumors and testicular dysgenesis in patients with testicular microlithiasis. Asian J Androl 20:593–599 Skakkebæk NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Main KM (2001) Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. Hum Reprod 16:972–978 Eisenberg ML, Lipshultz LI (2015) Anogenital distance as a measure of human male fertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 32:479–484 Mendiola J, Stahlhut RW, Jorgensen N, Liu F, Swan SH (2011) Shorter anogenital distance predicts poorer semen quality in young men in Rochester. Environ Heal Perspect 119:958–963 Eisenberg ML, Jensen TK, Walters RC, Skakkebaek NE, Lipshultz LI (2012) The relationship between anogenital distance and reproductive hormone levels in adult men. J Urol 187:594–598 Virtanen HE, Sadov S, Toppari J (2012) Prenatal exposure to smoking and male reproductive health. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 19:228–232 Thankamony A, Lek N, Carroll D et al (2013) Anogenital distance and penile length in infants with hypospadias or cryptorchidism: comparison with normative data. Environ Health Perspect 122:207–211 Hsieh MH, Breyer BN, Eisenberg ML, Baskin LS (2008) Associations among hypospadias, cryptorchidism, anogenital distance, and endocrine disruption. Curr Urol Rep 9:137–142 Fisher BG, Thankamony A, Huges IA, Ong KK, Dunger DB, Acerini CL (2016) Prenatal paracetamol exposure is associated with shorter anogenital distance in male infants. Hum Reprod 31:2642–2650 Skakkebaek N, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Main K (2001) Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. Hum Reprod 16:972–978 Richenberg J, Belfield J, Ramchandani P et al (2015) Testicular microlithiasis imaging and follow-up: guidelines of the ESUR scrotal imaging subcommittee. Eur Radiol 25:323–330 Yee WS, Kim YS, Kim SJ, Choi JB, Kim SI, Ahn HS (2011) Testicular microlithiasis: prevalence and clinical significance in a population referred for scrotal ultrasonography. Korean J Urol 52:172–177 Eisenberg M, Hsieh T-C, Lipshultz LI (2013) The relationship between anogenital distance and age. Andrology 1:90–93 Mendiola J, Onate-Celdrán J, Samper-Mateo P et al (2016) Comparability and reproducibility of adult male anogenital distance measurements for two different methods. Andrology 4:626–631 Foresta C, Valente U, Di Nisio A et al (2018) Anogenital distance is associated with genital measures and seminal parameters but not anthropometrics in a larger cohort of young adult men. Hum Reprod 33:1628–1635