Ảnh hưởng ngắn hạn của chỉ số chất lượng không khí đa chất ô nhiễm và PM2.5 đối với việc nhập viện liên quan đến bệnh tim mạch ở Hamadan, Iran: một phân tích chuỗi thời gian

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 28 - Trang 53653-53667 - 2021
Mostafa Leili1, Azam Nadali1, Manoochehr Karami2, Abdolrahman Bahrami3, Abbas Afkhami4
1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4Faculty of Chemistry , Bu Ali Sina University , Hamadan, Iran

Tóm tắt

Các tác nhân gây ô nhiễm không khí là những yếu tố môi trường quan trọng nhất góp phần gây ra bệnh tim mạch (CVD). Nghiên cứu hiện tại nhằm điều tra số lượng bệnh nhân nhập viện do suy tim (HF) và nhồi máu cơ tim (MI) sau khi tiếp xúc với ô nhiễm không khí, bằng phương pháp phân tích hồi quy chuỗi thời gian với mô hình trễ phân phối tại Hamadan, Iran (2015-2019). Tổng cộng 2091 trường hợp CVD đã được ghi nhận. Dựa trên các phát hiện, tác động sức khỏe cao nhất đối với việc nhập viện do HF được ghi nhận với chỉ số sức khỏe chất lượng không khí (AQHI) tại độ trễ 9 (RR = 1.043, 95% CI 0.991-1.098), và chỉ số chất lượng không khí (AQI) tại độ trễ 2, 7, và 9 (RR = 1.001, 95% CI 0.998-1.002), với mức tăng 1 đơn vị của các chỉ số, và với PM2.5 tại độ trễ 0 (RR = 1.001, 95% CI 0.996-1.004) cho mức tăng 10 μg/m3 nồng độ PM2.5. Tác động sức khỏe cao nhất đối với việc nhập viện do MI được tính toán với AQHI tại độ trễ 10 (RR = 1.059, 95% CI 1.001-1.121) và AQI tại độ trễ 1 và 2 (RR = 1.001, 95% CI 0.998-1.002), với mức tăng 1 đơn vị của các chỉ số, và với PM2.5 tại độ trễ 8 (RR = 1.002, 95% CI 0.997-1.005) cho mức tăng 10 μg/m3 nồng độ PM2.5. Theo phân loại theo mùa, kết quả cho thấy số lượng bệnh nhân nhập viện vào mùa ấm cao hơn so với mùa lạnh. Theo hiểu biết của chúng tôi, nghiên cứu hiện tại là nghiên cứu đầu tiên điều tra tác động của các chỉ số chất lượng không khí đối với việc nhập viện do HF và MI ở Iran. Các phát hiện có thể cung cấp thông tin cơ bản để lập kế hoạch các biện pháp phòng ngừa nhằm giảm cơ hội tiếp xúc và tỷ lệ nhập viện ở những người có nguy cơ cao.

Từ khóa

#ô nhiễm không khí #bệnh tim mạch #chỉ số chất lượng không khí #nhập viện #nghiên cứu hồi quy chuỗi thời gian

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