Sex, financial hardship and locus of control: an empirical study of attitudes towards money among Singaporean Chinese

Abelson, 1987, Beliefs as possessions, Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 16, 223, 10.1111/j.1468-5914.1986.tb00078.x Bailey, 1986, Gender and gender–role orientation differences in attitudes and behaviors towards money, Proceedings of the American Council of Consumer Interests, 39, 377 Belsky, 1993, He says, she says: how men and women differ about money, Money, 22, 76 Boone, 1996, CEO locus of control and small firm performance: an integrative framework and empirical test, Journal of Management Studies, 33, 667, 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1996.tb00814.x Cherry, 2000, An empirical investigation of locus of control and the structure of moral reasoning: examining the ethical decision-making processes of sales managers, Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 20, 173 Dessart, 1986, The nature, extent, causes and consequences of problematic debt situations, Journal of Consumer Policy, 9, 311, 10.1007/BF00380302 Eagly, 1987 Floyd, 1995, Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments, Psychological Assessment, 7, 286, 10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.286 Fox, A model of work-frustration aggression, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 915, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199911)20:6<915::AID-JOB918>3.0.CO;2-6 Furnham, 1984, Many sides of the coin: the psychology of money usage, Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 501, 10.1016/0191-8869(84)90025-4 Furnham, 1996, Does money motivate?, 59 Furnham, 1994, National attitudes to competitiveness, money and work among young people: first, second and third world differences, Human Relations, 47, 119, 10.1177/001872679404700106 Furnham, 1999, Your money or your life: behavioral and emotional predictors of money pathology, Human Relations, 52, 1157, 10.1177/001872679905200903 Gellerman, 1963 Goldsmith, 1997, Sex differences in financial knowledge: a replication and extension, Psychological Reports, 81, 1169, 10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3f.1169 Harley, 1992, Compulsive buying: an exploration into self-esteem and money attitudes, Journal of Economic Psychology, 13, 5, 10.1016/0167-4870(92)90049-D He looks for beauty, she wants character (2001, 23 January). The Straits Times. Hirschfeld, 2000, Work centrality and work alienation: distinct aspects of a general commitment to work, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 789, 10.1002/1099-1379(200011)21:7<789::AID-JOB59>3.0.CO;2-W Kirkcaldy, 1992, Individual differences in work attitudes, Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 49, 10.1016/0191-8869(92)90217-D Lee, 2001, Attitudes towards money and work: implications for Asian management style following the economic crisis, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16, 159, 10.1108/02683940110380979 Lim, 1997, Sex, money and financial hardship: an empirical study of attitudes towards money among undergraduates in Singapore, Journal of Economic Psychology, 18, 369, 10.1016/S0167-4870(97)00013-5 Livingstone, 1992, Predicting personal debt repayment: psychological, social and economic determinants, Journal of Economic Psychology, 13, 111, 10.1016/0167-4870(92)90055-C Lunt, 1991, Psychological, social and economics determinants of saving: comparing recurrent and total savings, Journal of Economic Psychology, 12, 621, 10.1016/0167-4870(91)90003-C Lynn, 1991 Mitchell, T. R., Dakin, S., Mickel, A. E. & Gray, S. (1998). The measurement of money importance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, San Diego. Mitchell, 1999, The meaning of money: an individual-difference perspective, Academy of Management Review, 24, 568, 10.5465/amr.1999.2202138 Mueller, 2001, Culture and entrepreneurial potential: a nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness, Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 51, 10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00039-7 Prince, 1993, Women, men and money styles, Journal of Economic Psychology, 14, 175, 10.1016/0167-4870(93)90045-M Rabow, 1993, Socialization toward money in Latino families: an exploratory study of gender differences, Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 15, 324, 10.1177/07399863930153003 Reddy, 1987 Roberts, 1999, Demographics and money attitudes: a test of Yamauchi and Templer's (1982) money attitude scale in Mexico, Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 19, 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00241-4 Rotter, 1966, Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement, Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80, 1, 10.1037/h0092976 Rubinstein, 1981, Money and self-esteem, relationships, secrecy, envy and satisfaction, Psychology Today, May, 29 Rudmin, 1990, German and Canadian data on motivations for ownership: was Pythagoras right?, 176 Singapore Department of Statistics. (2000). Singapore census of population: a quick count. Tan, C. T., & McCullough, J. (1985). Relating ethnic attitudes and consumption values in an Asian context. In E. C. Hirschman, & M. B. Holbrook (Eds.), Advances in consumer research (Vol. 12, pp. 122–125). Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research Tang, 1992, The meaning of money revisited, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 197, 10.1002/job.4030130209 Tang, 1993, The meaning of money: extension and exploration of the money ethic scale in a sample of university students in Taiwan, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 93, 10.1002/job.4030140109 Tang, 1995, The development of a short money ethic scale: attitudes toward money and pay satisfaction revisited, Personality and Individual Djfferences, 19, 809, 10.1016/S0191-8869(95)00133-6 Tang, 1996, Pay differentials as a function of rater's sex, money ethic, and job incumbent's sex: a test of the Matthew effect, Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, 127, 10.1016/0167-4870(95)00038-0 Tang, 2000, A cross cultural comparison of pay differentials as a function of rater's sex and Money Ethic endorsement: the Matthew effect revisited, Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 685, 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00225-1 Tang, 1995, Attitudes toward money as related to intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction, stress and work-related attitudes, Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 327, 10.1016/0191-8869(95)00057-D Tang, 2000, Does attitude toward money moderate the relationship between intrinsic job satisfaction and voluntary turnover?, Human Relations, 53, 213, 10.1177/a010560 Taormina, 1998, Employee attitudes toward organizational socialization in the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong and Singapore, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 34, 468, 10.1177/0021886398344014 Teenagers take part-time jobs to spend more (1998, 26 April). The Straits Times. Wernimont, 1972, The meaning of money, Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 248, 10.1037/h0033107 Yamauchi, 1982, The development of a money attitude scale, Journal of Personality Assessment, 46, 522, 10.1207/s15327752jpa4605_14 Yuen, 1992, Dual-earner families in Singapore: issues and challenges, 62 Zelizer, 1989, The social meaning of money: ‘Special monies', American Journal of Sociology, 95, 342, 10.1086/229272