Sex differences in song and plumage color do not evolve through sexual selection alone: new insights from recent research

Andersson M (1994) Sexual selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton Badyaev AV, Hill GE (2003) Avian sexual dichromatism in relation to phylogeny and ecology. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 34:27–49 Baldassarre DT, Greig EI, Webster MS (2016) The couple that sings together stays together: duetting, aggression and extra-pair paternity in a promiscuous bird species. Biol Lett 12:20151025 Benedict L (2008) Occurrence and life history correlates of vocal duetting in North American passerines. J Avian Biol 39:57–65 Brooks DR, McLennan DA (1991) Phylogeny, ecology, and behavior: a research program in comparative biology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago Burns KJ (1998) A phylogenetic perspective on the evolution of sexual dichromatism in tanagers (Thraupidae): the role of female versus male plumage. Evolution 52:1219–1224 Cain KE, Hall ML, Medina I, Leitao AV, Delhey K, Brouwer L, Peters A, Pruett-Jones S, Webster MS, Langmore NE, Mulder RA (2019) Conspicuous plumage does not increase predation risk: a continent-wide test using model songbirds. Am Nat 193:359–372 Catchpole CK, Slater PJB (2008) Bird song, biological themes and variations, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, New York Dale J, Dey CJ, Delhey K, Kempenaers B, Valcu M (2015) The effects of life history and sexual selection on male and female plumage colouration. Nature 527:367–370 Darwin C (1859) The origin of species. Murray, London Darwin C (1871) The descent of man and selection in relation to sex. Murray, London Drury JP, Burroughs N (2016) Nest shape explains variation in sexual dichromatism in New World blackbirds. J Avian Biol 47:312–320 Dunn PO, Armenta JK, Whittingham LA (2015) Natural and sexual selection act on different axes of variation in avian plumage color. Sci Adv 1:1400155 Friedman NR, Hofmann CM, Kondo B, Omland KE (2009) Correlated evolution of migration and sexual dichromatism in the New World orioles (Icterus). Evolution 63:3269–3274 Gahr M (2007) Sexual differentiation of the vocal control system of birds. Adv Genet 59:67–105 Garamszegi LZ, Pavlova DZ, Eens M, Moller AP (2007) The evolution of song in female birds in Europe. Behav Ecol 18:86–96 Greig EI, Price JJ, Pruett-Jones S (2013) Song evolution in Maluridae: influences of natural and sexual selection on acoustic structure. Emu 113:270–281 Hall ML (2009) A review of vocal duetting in birds. Adv Study Behav 40:67–121 Harvey PH, Pagel MD (1991) The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford Hill GE, McGraw KJ (2006) Bird coloration: function and evolution, vol 2. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Hofmann CM, Cronin TW, Omland KE (2008) Evolution of sexual dichromatism. 1. Convergent losses of elaborate female coloration in New World orioles (Icterus spp.). Auk 125:778–789 Irwin RE (1994) The evolution of plumage dichromatism in the New World blackbirds: social selection on female brightness. Am Nat 144:890–907 Jaramillo A, Burke P (1999) New World blackbirds: the icterids. Princeton University Press, Princeton Johnson AE, Price JJ, Pruett-Jones S (2013) Different modes of evolution in males and females generate dichromatism in fairy-wrens (Maluridae). Ecol Evol 3:3030–3046 Kimball RT, Ligon JD (1999) Evolution of avian plumage dichromatism from a proximate perspective. Am Nat 154:182–193 Kleindorfer S, Evans C, Mahr K (2016) Female in-nest chatter song increases predation. Biol Lett 12:20150513 Kraaijeveld K (2014) Reversible trait loss: the genetic architecture of female ornaments. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 45:159–177 Langmore NE (1998) Functions of duet and solo songs of female birds. Trends Ecol Evol 13:136–140 Logue DM, Hall ML (2014) Migration and the evolution of duetting in songbirds. Proc R Soc B 281:20140103 Marler P, Slabbekoorn H (2004) Nature’s music, the science of birdsong. Elsevier, San Diego Martin TE, Badyaev AV (1996) Sexual dichromatism in birds: importance of nest predation and nest location for females versus males. Evolution 50:2454–2460 Martins EP (1996) Phylogenies and the comparative method in animal behavior. Oxford University Press, Oxford Matysioková B, Remeš V, Cockburn A (2017) Broad-scale variation in sexual dichromatism in songbirds is not explained by sex differences in exposure to predators during incubation. J Avian Biol 48:1322–1330 Odom KJ, Benedict L (2018) A call to document female bird songs: applications for diverse fields. Auk 135:314–325 Odom KJ, Hall ML, Riebel K, Omland KE, Langmore NE (2014) Female song is widespread and ancestral in songbirds. Nat Commun 5:3379 Odom KJ, Omland KE, Price JJ (2015) Differentiating the evolution of female song and male–female duets in the New World blackbirds: can tropical natural history traits explain duet evolution? Evolution 69:839–847 Price JJ (2009) Evolution and life history correlates of female song in the New World blackbirds. Behav Ecol 20:967–977 Price JJ (2015) Rethinking our assumptions about the evolution of bird song and other sexually dimorphic signals. Front Ecol Evol 3:40 Price JJ, Eaton MD (2014) Reconstructing the evolution of sexual dichromatism: current color diversity does not reflect past rates of male and female change. Evolution 68:2026–2037 Price JJ, Lanyon SM (2002) Reconstructing the evolution of complex bird song in the oropendolas. Evolution 56:1514–1529 Price JJ, Whalen LM (2009) Plumage evolution in the oropendolas and caciques: different divergence rates in polygynous and monogamous taxa. Evolution 63:2985–2998 Price JJ, Lanyon SM, Omland KE (2009) Losses of female song with changes from tropical to temperate breeding in the New World blackbirds. Proc R Soc B 276:1971–1980 Reichard DG, Brothers DE, George SE, Atwell JW, Ketterson ED (2018) Female dark-eyed juncos Junco hyemalis thurberi produce male-like song in a territorial context during the early breeding season. J Avian Biol. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01566 Riebel K (2003) The “mute” sex revisited: vocal production and perception learning in female songbirds. Adv Study Behav 33:49–86 Riebel K, Odom KJ, Langmore NE, Hall ML (2019) New insights from female bird song: towards an integrated approach to studying male and female communication roles. Biol Lett 15:20190059 Rowley I, Russell EM (1997) Fairy-wrens and grasswrens: Maluridae. Oxford University Press, Oxford Searcy WA, Yasukawa K (1995) Polygyny and sexual selection in red-winged blackbirds. Princeton University Press, Princeton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400863938 Seddon N, Botero CA, Tobias JA, Dunn PO, MacGregor HE, Rubenstein DR, Uy JAC, Weir JT, Whittingham LA, Safran RJ (2013) Sexual selection accelerates signal evolution during speciation in birds. Proc R Soc B 280:20131065 Shultz AJ, Burns KJ (2017) The role of sexual and natural selection in shaping patterns of sexual dichromatism in the largest family of songbirds (Aves: Thraupidae). Evolution 71:1061–1074 Sibley DA (2001) The Sibley guide to bird life and behavior. Knopf, New York Simpson RK, Johnson MA, Murphy TG (2015) Migration and the evolution of sexual dichromatism: evolutionary loss of female coloration with migration among Wood-warblers. Proc R Soc B 282:20150375 Slater PJB, Mann NI (2004) Why do the females of many bird species sing in the tropics? J Avian Biol 35:289–294 Soler JJ, Moreno J (2012) Evolution of sexual dichromatism in relation to nesting habits in European passerines: a test of Wallace’s hypothesis. J Evol Biol 25:1614–1622 Stutchbury BJ, Morton ES (2001) Behavioral ecology of tropical birds. Academic Press, New York Webb WH, Brunton DH, Aguirre JD, Thomas DB, Valcu M, Dale J (2016) Female song occurs in songbirds with more elaborate female coloration and reduced sexual dichromatism. Front Ecol Evol 4:22 Wiens JJ (2001) Widespread loss of sexually selected traits: how the peacock lost its spots. Trends Ecol Evol 16:517–523