Sex differences in obesity and the regulation of energy homeostasis

Obesity Reviews - Tập 10 Số 2 - Trang 154-167 - 2009
J C Lovejoy1, Amanda Sainsbury2
1Free and Clear Inc. and University of Washington, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
2Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010 Australia

Tóm tắt

SummaryObesity prevalence is generally higher in women than in men, and there is also a sex difference in body fat distribution. Sex differences in obesity can be explained in part by the influence of gonadal steroids on body composition and appetite; however, behavioural, socio‐cultural and chromosomal factors may also play a role. This review, which evolved from the 2008 Stock Conference on sex differences in obesity, summarizes current research and recommendations related to hormonal and neuroendocrine influences on energy balance and fat distribution. A number of important gaps in the research are identified, including a need for more studies on chromosomal sex effects on energy balance, the role of socio‐cultural (i.e. gender) factors in obesity and the potential deleterious effects of high‐fat diets during pregnancy on the foetus. Furthermore, there is a paucity of clinical trials examining sex‐specific approaches and outcomes of obesity treatment (lifestyle‐based or pharmacological), and research is urgently needed to determine whether current weight loss programmes, largely developed and tested on women, are appropriate for men. Last, it is important that both animal and clinical research on obesity be designed and analysed in such a way that data can be separately examined in both men and women.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Westerterp KR, 1999, Regulation of Food Intake and Energy Expenditure, 305

10.1093/ajcn/86.2.382

10.1093/ajcn/65.4.895

10.1079/BJN2001471

10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.2.E321

10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.1.E96

10.1093/gerona/55.12.M757

10.1093/ajcn/79.2.268

10.1093/ajcn/80.2.430

10.1038/sj.ijo.0800385

10.1093/ajcn/79.3.385

10.1079/BJN19920063

10.1007/BF00635626

10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159228

10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.673756

10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67663-5

10.1038/oby.2004.173

10.1042/CS20070084

10.1007/s00125-008-0969-0

10.1038/oby.2004.54

10.1093/ajcn/87.1.56

10.1098/rstb.2006.1860

10.2337/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1339

10.1073/pnas.97.23.12735

10.1007/2789_2006_016

10.1172/JCI114187

10.1074/jbc.M507339200

10.1016/0026-0495(86)90217-9

10.1055/s-2007-1004917

10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.1.E40

10.1172/JCI119865

10.1159/000054444

10.1073/pnas.0610787104

10.1006/bbrc.2000.3827

10.1038/sj.ijo.0802378

10.1016/j.metabol.2005.03.006

10.1002/j.1550-8528.1993.tb00618.x

Lovejoy JC, 1995, Oral anabolic steroid treatment, but not parenteral androgen treatment, decreases abdominal fat in obese, older men, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, 614

10.1210/en.2006-0879

10.1159/000182732

10.1210/jc.81.6.2198

10.1210/jc.82.7.2044

Geary N, 2008, Sex Differences in the Brain, 253

10.1016/0002-9378(95)90018-7

Zamboni M, 1992, Body fat distribution in pre‐ and postmenopausal women: metabolic and anthropometric variables and their inter‐relationships, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 16, 495

Kotani K, 1994, Sexual dimorphism of age‐related changes in whole‐body fat distribution in the obese, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, 207

10.1038/ijo.2008.25

10.1055/s-2002-35420

10.2337/db06-0015

10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01548.x

10.1053/beem.2002.0230

10.1016/0031-9384(76)90064-0

10.1006/hbeh.2002.1835

10.1016/S0196-9781(99)00025-X

10.1210/en.2007-0341

10.1210/en.2007-0340

Geary N, 2004, Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience, 305

10.1210/en.142.11.4751

10.1210/en.2002-220519

10.1016/S0303-7207(98)00058-6

10.1210/en.143.3.954

10.2165/00002512-200219110-00004

10.1016/0031-9384(95)02003-9

10.1038/sj.ijo.0803699

GalloMF LopezLM GrimesDA SchulzKF HelmerhorstFM.Combination contraceptives: effects on weight.Cochrane Database Syst Rev2006:CD003987.

10.1097/01.gme.0000174469.37198.a0

10.1016/j.jpag.2004.01.006

10.1016/j.contraception.2006.12.009

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004

10.1210/jc.2007-1834

10.1016/S0140-6736(97)06062-5

10.1210/jc.2006-2002

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.10.054

10.1093/humrep/16.9.1995

10.1093/humrep/deg367

10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60927-3

10.1210/jc.2005-1490

10.1093/humrep/dem391

10.1210/er.18.6.774

10.1126/science.289.5487.2122

10.1210/en.2003-0457

MoretM StettlerR RodieuxF GaillardRG WaeberG WirthnerD GiustiV TappyL PralongFP.Insulin resistance contributes to the abnormal LH pulse frequency in lean PCOS patients.Neuroendocrinology2008 doi: 10.1159/000160911.

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.05.020

10.1210/jc.2007-2656

Vahratian A, 2008, Prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age: results from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, Matern Child Health J

10.1038/oby.2007.149

10.1097/00001703-200212000-00005

10.1097/01.AOG.0000141442.59573.cd

10.1067/mpd.2001.114018

10.2337/diacare.26.2.343

10.2174/138161208784246153

10.1080/jmf.11.5.302.306

10.1038/sj.ijo.0801251

10.1038/oby.2007.354

10.1126/science.274.5293.1704

10.1096/fj.01-0754fje

10.1101/gad.979102

10.1096/fj.03-0189fje

10.1074/jbc.M700644200

10.1096/fj.07-100735

10.1016/S0196-9781(97)00028-4

10.1007/s001250051095

10.1007/BF03347236

10.1007/s11695-007-9296-7

10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00370.x

10.1038/sj.ijo.0801038

10.1152/ajpendo.00710.2006

10.1097/00042192-200310030-00009

10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.013

10.1093/aje/kwg117

10.1038/sj.ijo.0800552

10.1079/BJN2003940

Palmer M, 2008, To snack or not to snack: results from an eating frequency weight loss study, J Nutr Diet, 65, A14

10.2337/dc07-2390

10.1038/ijo.2008.94

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.04.011

10.1093/ajcn/84.3.483

10.1016/j.pcad.2003.08.003

10.7326/0003-4819-147-3-200708070-00167

Peterson S, 2005, European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Obesity Reviews

Tập 10 Số 2

154-167

Thông tin tác giả