Sex differences in HDL ApoC-III in American Indian youth
Tóm tắt
Since American Indians are predisposed to type 2 diabetes (DM2) and associated cardiovascular risk, Cherokee boys and girls (n = 917) were studied to determine whether BMI Z (body mass index Z score) is associated with the apoC-III (apolipoprotein C-III) content of HDL (high density lipoprotein), a previously reported predictor of DM2. An ad hoc cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a previously studied cohort. Participants were grouped by gender-specific age groups (5 to 9, 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 years). ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) and HDL apoC-III were assayed by electroimmunoassay. ApoC-III was measured in whole plasma, and in HDL to determine the molar proportion to apoA-I. General linear models were used to assess association. The HDL apoC-III to apoA-I molar ratio increased by BMI Z quartile in girls aged 10–14 years (p < 0.05 for linear trend, p < 0.05 for difference in BMI Z quartile IV vs. I to III) and aged 15–19 years (p < 0.05 for trend). In boys the increase by BMI Z occurred only at ages 15–19 years (p < 0.01 for trend and for quartile difference). ApoC-III showed an obesity-related increase relative to apoA-I during adolescence beginning in girls aged 10 to 14 years and in boys aged 15 to 19 years. The earlier changes in girls may alter HDL’s protective properties on the β-cell and contribute to their increased risk for DM2.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP, Mitchell BD, Patterson JK: Cardiovascular risk factors in confirmed prediabetic individuals. Does the clock for coronary heart disease start ticking before the onset of clinical diabetes? JAMA 1990,263(21):2893–2898. 10.1001/jama.1990.03440210043030
Stern MP: Do non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease share common antecedents? Ann Intern Med 1996,124(1 Pt 2):110–116.
Pinhas-Hamiel O, Dolan LM, Daniels SR, Standiford D, Khoury PR, Zeitler P: Increased incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among adolescents. J Pediatr 1996,128(5 Pt 1):608–615.
Fagot-Campagna A, Pettitt DJ, Engelgau MM, Burrows NR, Geiss LS, Valdez R, Beckles GL, Saaddine J, Gregg EW, Williamson DF, et al.: Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: an epidemiologic review and a public health perspective. J Pediatr 2000,136(5):664–672. 10.1067/mpd.2000.105141
von Eckardstein A, Schulte H, Assmann G: Risk for diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Caucasian male participants of the PROCAM study: implications for the definition of impaired fasting glucose by the American Diabetes Association. Prospective Cardiovascular Munster. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000,85(9):3101–3108. 10.1210/jc.85.9.3101
Onat A, Hergenc G, Ayhan E, Ugur M, Kaya H, Tuncer M, Can G: Serum apolipoprotein C-III in high-density lipoprotein: a key diabetogenic risk factor in Turks. Diabet Med 2009,26(10):981–988. 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02814.x
Kelly LA, Lane CJ, Weigensberg MJ, Toledo-Corral CM, Goran MI: Pubertal changes of insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response, and beta-cell function in overweight Latino youth. J Pediatr 2011,158(3):442–446. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.08.046
Expert Committee: Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003,26(Suppl 1):S5-S20.
Curry MD, Alaupovic P, Suenram CA: Determination of apolipoprotein A and its constitutive A-I and A-II polypeptides by separate electroimmunoassays. Clin Chem 1976,22(3):315–322.
Curry MD, McConathy WJ, Fesmire JD, Alaupovic P: Quantitative determination of human apolipoprotein C-III by electroimmunoassay. Biochim Biophys Acta 1980,617(3):503–513. 10.1016/0005-2760(80)90016-8
Sobey WJ, Beer SF, Carrington CA, Clark PM, Frank BH, Gray IP, Luzio SD, Owens DR, Schneider AE, Siddle K, et al.: Sensitive and specific two-site immunoradiometric assays for human insulin, proinsulin, 65–66 split and 32–33 split proinsulins. Biochem J 1989,260(2):535–541.
Hoffman RP, Vicini P, Sivitz WI, Cobelli C: Pubertal adolescent male–female differences in insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness determined by the one compartment minimal model. Pediatr Res 2000,48(3):384–388. 10.1203/00006450-200009000-00022
Morrison JA, Barton BA, Biro FM, Sprecher DL: Sex hormones and the changes in adolescent male lipids: longitudinal studies in a biracial cohort. J Pediatr 2003,142(6):637–642. 10.1067/mpd.2003.246
Morrison JA, Sprecher DL, Biro FM, Apperson-Hansen C, Dipaola LM: Serum testosterone associates with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in black and white males, 10 to 15 years of age, through lowered apolipoprotein AI and AII concentrations. Metabolism 2002,51(4):432–437. 10.1053/meta.2002.31321
Blackett PR, Blevins KS, Stoddart M, Wang W, Quintana E, Alaupovic P, Lee ET: Body mass index and high-density lipoproteins in Cherokee Indian children and adolescents. Pediatr Res 2005,58(3):472–477. 10.1203/01.pdr.0000176947.98014.44
Brunzell JD, Ayyobi AF: Dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Med 2003,115(Suppl 8A):24S-28S.
Goff DC Jr, D’Agostino RB Jr, Haffner SM, Otvos JD: Insulin resistance and adiposity influence lipoprotein size and subclass concentrations. Results from the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. Metabolism 2005,54(2):264–270. 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.09.002
Freedman DS, Bowman BA, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Otvos JD: Distribution and correlates of high-density lipoprotein subclasses among children and adolescents. Metabolism 2001,50(3):370–376. 10.1053/meta.2001.21027
Posadas Romero C: Some physiopathologic features of metabolic syndrome. Arch Cardiol Mex 2007,77(Suppl 4):S4–42–47.
Rutti S, Ehses JA, Sibler RA, Prazak R, Rohrer L, Georgopoulos S, Meier DT, Niclauss N, Berney T, Donath MY, et al.: Low- and high-density lipoproteins modulate function, apoptosis, and proliferation of primary human and murine pancreatic beta-cells. Endocrinology 2009,150(10):4521–4530. 10.1210/en.2009-0252
Kruit JK, Kremer PH, Dai L, Tang R, Ruddle P, de Haan W, Brunham LR, Verchere CB, Hayden MR: Cholesterol efflux via ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and cholesterol uptake via the LDL receptor influences cholesterol-induced impairment of beta cell function in mice. Diabetologia 2010,53(6):1110–1119. 10.1007/s00125-010-1691-2
Hao M, Bogan JS: Cholesterol regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. J Biol Chem 2009,284(43):29489–29498. 10.1074/jbc.M109.038034
Blackett PR, Blevins KS, Quintana E, Stoddart M, Wang W, Alaupovic P, Lee ET: ApoC-III bound to apoB-containing lipoproteins increase with insulin resistance in Cherokee Indian youth. Metabolism 2005,54(2):180–187. 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.08.010
Altomonte J, Cong L, Harbaran S, Richter A, Xu J, Meseck M, Dong HH: Foxo1 mediates insulin action on apoC-III and triglyceride metabolism. J Clin Invest 2004,114(10):1493–1503.
Alaupovic P, Mack WJ, Knight-Gibson C, Hodis HN: The role of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein families in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions as determined by sequential coronary angiography from a controlled clinical trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997,17(4):715–722. 10.1161/01.ATV.17.4.715
Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Azen SP, Alaupovic P, Pogoda JM, LaBree L, Hemphill LC, Kramsch DM, Blankenhorn DH: Triglyceride- and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins have a differential effect on mild/moderate and severe lesion progression as assessed by quantitative coronary angiography in a controlled trial of lovastatin. Circulation 1994,90(1):42–49. 10.1161/01.CIR.90.1.42
Kathiresan S, Otvos JD, Sullivan LM, Keyes MJ, Schaefer EJ, Wilson PW, D’Agostino RB, Vasan RS, Robins SJ: Increased small low-density lipoprotein particle number: a prominent feature of the metabolic syndrome in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2006,113(1):20–29.
Cromwell WC, Otvos JD: Low-density lipoprotein particle number and risk for cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2004,6(5):381–387. 10.1007/s11883-004-0050-5
Fagot-Campagna A, Knowler WC, Narayan KM, Hanson RL, Saaddine J, Howard BV: HDL cholesterol subfractions and risk of developing type 2 diabetes among Pima Indians. Diabetes Care 1999,22(2):271–274. 10.2337/diacare.22.2.271
Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rotnitzky A, Manson JE: Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women. Ann Intern Med 1995,122(7):481–486.
Chan JM, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC: Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 1994,17(9):961–969. 10.2337/diacare.17.9.961
Samuel VT, Petersen KF, Shulman GI: Lipid-induced insulin resistance: unravelling the mechanism. Lancet 2010,375(9733):2267–2277. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60408-4
Kashyap S, Belfort R, Gastaldelli A, Pratipanawatr T, Berria R, Pratipanawatr W, Bajaj M, Mandarino L, DeFronzo R, Cusi K: A sustained increase in plasma free fatty acids impairs insulin secretion in nondiabetic subjects genetically predisposed to develop type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2003,52(10):2461–2474. 10.2337/diabetes.52.10.2461