Sex Matters: Robust Sex Differences in Signal Detection in the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat

Adams, 2008, Effects of estrous stage and time of day on prepulse inhibition in female rats, J. Neurosci. Methods, 173, 295, 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.06.014

Appay, 2008, Immune activation and inflammation in HIV-1 infection: causes and consequences, J. Pathol., 214, 231, 10.1002/path.2276

Becker, 2016, Female rats are not more variable than male rats: a meta-analysis of neuroscience studies, Biol. Sex Differ., 7, 34, 10.1186/s13293-016-0087-5

Berry, 1997, Spatial learning and memory at defined points of the estrous cycle: effects on performance of a hippocampal-dependent task, Behav. Neurosci., 111, 267, 10.1037//0735-7044.111.2.267

Boska, 2014, Associations between brain microstructures, metabolites and cognitive deficits during chronic HIV-1 infection of humanized mice, Mol. Neurodegener., 9, 58, 10.1186/1750-1326-9-58

HIV among youth2017

Chang, 2008, Decreased brain dopamine transporters are related to cognitive deficits in HIV patients with or without cocaine abuse, Neuroimage, 42, 869, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.011

Cohen, 2015, Poorer cognitive performance in perinatally HIV-infected children versus healthy socioeconomically matched controls, Clin. Infect. Dis., 60, 1111, 10.1093/cid/ciu1144

Crowell, 2014, Neurologic disease in HIV-infected children and the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy, Rev. Med. Virol., 24, 316, 10.1002/rmv.1793

Cysique, 2004, Prevalence and pattern of neuropsychological impairment in human immunodeficiency virus infected/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients across pre and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy eras: a combined study of two cohorts, J. Neurovirol., 10, 350, 10.1080/13550280490521078

Denenberg, 1984, Some statistical and experimental considerations in the use of the analysis-of-variance procedure, Am. J. Physiol-Reg., 246, R403

Engler-Chiurazzi, 2017, Estrogens as neuroprotectants: estrogenic actions in the context of cognitive aging and brain injury, Prog. Neurobiol., 157, 188, 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.008

Fazeli, 2014, Cognitive functioning in adults aging with HIV: a cross-sectional analysis of cognitive subtypes and influential factors, J. Clin. Res. HIV AIDS Prev., 1, 155, 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-13-191

Fein, 1995, Delayed latency of the event-related brain potential P3A component in HIV disease. Progressive effects with increasing cognitive impairment, Arch. Neurol., 52, 1109, 10.1001/archneur.1995.00540350103022

Fish, 2008, The X-files in immunity: sex-based differences predispose immune responses, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 8, 737, 10.1038/nri2394

Frick, 2001, Spatial reference memory and neocortical neurochemistry vary with the estrous cycle in C57BL/6 mice, Behav. Neurosci., 115, 229, 10.1037//0735-7044.115.1.229

Gao, 2008, Neuroinflammation and oxidation/nitration of α-synuclein linked to dopaminergic neurodegeneration, J. Neurosci., 28, 7687, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0143-07.2008

Goy, 1980, Sex differences in behavior: rodents, birds, and primates, Sexual Differentiation of the Brain, 13

Greenhouse, 1959, On methods in the analysis of profile data, Psychometrika, 24, 95, 10.1007/bf02289823

Griesbeck, 2016, Sex and gender differences in HIV-1 infection, Clin. Sci. (Lond), 130, 1435, 10.1042/CS20160112

Hahn, 2015, Effects of chronic HIV-1 Tat exposure in the CNS: heightened vulnerability of males versus females to changes in cell numbers, synaptic integrity, and behavior, Brain Struct. Funct., 220, 605, 10.1007/s00429-013-0676-6

Hanamsagar, 2016, Sex differences in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders: focus on microglial function and neuroinflammation during development, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 160, 127, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.039

Heaton, 2011, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in rates, nature, and predictors, J. Neurovirol., 17, 3, 10.1007/s13365-010-0006-1

Herrero, 2015, Inflammation in Parkinson’s disease: role of glucocorticoids, Front. Neuroanat., 9, 32, 10.3389/fnana.2015.00032

Hestad, 2012, Sex differences in neuropsychological performance as an effect of human immunodeficiency virus: a pilot study in Zambia, Africa, J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 200, 336, 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31824cc225

Hong, 2015, Role of the immune system in HIV-associated neuroinflammation and neurocognitive impairments, Brain Behav. Immun., 45, 1, 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.008

Koch, 1998, Sensorimotor gating changes across the estrous cycle in female rats, Physiol. Behav., 64, 625, 10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00098-5

Kumar, 2011, Human immunodeficiency virus infection in the CNS and decreased dopamine availability: relationship with neuropsychological performance, J. Neurovirol., 17, 26, 10.1007/s13365-010-0003-4

Lashomb, 2009, Further characterization of the spatial learning deficit in the human immunodeficiency virus-1 transgenic rat, J. Neuroviol., 15, 14, 10.1080/13550280802232996

Lee, 2014, Imaging dopaminergic dysfunction as a surrogate marker of neuropathology in a small-animal model of HIV, Mol. Imaging., 13, 7290201400031, 10.2310/7290.2014.00031

Maki, 2009, HIV, cognition and women, Neuropsychol. Rev., 19, 204, 10.1007/s11065-009-9093-2

Maki, 2015, Cognitive function in women with HIV: findings from the women’s interagency HIV study, Neurology, 84, 231, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001151

Mar, 1996, Behavioural vigilance in schizophrenia. Evidence for hyperattentional processing, Br. J. Psychiatry, 169, 781, 10.1192/bjp.169.6.781

McGaughy, 1995, Behavioral vigilance in rats: task validation and effects of age, amphetamine, and benzodiazepine receptor ligands, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 117, 340, 10.1007/bf02246109

McGaughy, 1999, Effects of ovariectomy, 192 IgG-saporin-induced cortical cholinergic deafferentation, and administration of estradiol on sustained attention performance in rats, Behav. Neurosci., 113, 1215, 10.1037//0735-7044.113.6.1216

McLaurin, 2016, Progression of temporal processing deficits in the HIV-1 transgenic rat, Sci. Rep., 6, 32831, 10.1038/srep32831

McLaurin, , Evolution of the HIV-1 transgenic rat: utility in assessing the progression of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders, J. Neurovirol., 10.1007/s13365-017-0544-x

McLaurin, , Temporal processing demands in the HIV-1 transgenic rat: amodal gating and implications for diagnostics, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci., 57, 12, 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.11.004

McLaurin, , Selective developmental alterations in the HIV-1 transgenic rat: opportunities for diagnosis of pediatric HIV-1, J. Neurovirol., 23, 87, 10.1007/s13365-016-0476-x

McLaurin, , A gap in time: extending our knowledge of temporal processing deficits in the HIV-1 transgenic rat, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 12, 171, 10.1007/s11481-016-9711-8

Meier, 2009, Sex differences in the Toll-like receptor-mediated response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to HIV-1, Nat. Med., 15, 955, 10.1038/nm.2004

Melnick, 1994, Survival and disease progression according to gender of patients with HIV infection, JAMA, 272, 1915, 10.1001/jama.1994.03520240043039

Moran, 2012, Adolescent HIV-1 transgenic rats: evidence for dopaminergic alterations in behavior and neurochemistry revealed by methamphetamine challenge, Curr. HIV Res., 10, 415, 10.2174/157016212802138788

Moran, , Time and time again: temporal processing demands implicate perceptual and gating deficits in the HIV-1 transgenic rat, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 8, 988, 10.1007/s11481-013-9472-6

Moran, , Neurobehavioral alterations in HIV-1 transgenic rats: evidence for dopaminergic dysfunction, Exp. Neurol., 239, 139, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.10.008

Moran, 2014, Modeling deficits in attention, inhibition and flexibility in HAND, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 9, 508, 10.1007/s11481-014-9539-z

Paramesparan, 2010, High rates of asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment in vertically acquired HIV-1-infected adolescents surviving to adulthood, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 55, 134, 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181d90e8c

Penazzato, 2014, Estimating future trends in paediatric HIV, AIDS, 28, S445, 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000481

Phillips, 2016, HIV-associated cognitive impairment in perinatally infected children: a meta-analysis, Pediatrics, 138, e20160893, 10.1542/peds.2016-0893

Polich, 1995, Cognitive and biological determinants of P300: an integrative review, Biol. Psychol., 41, 103, 10.1016/0301-0511(95)05130-9

Reid, 2016, Characterization of neuropathology in the HIV-1 transgenic rat at different ages, J. Neuroimmunol., 292, 116, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.01.022

Reid, 2001, An HIV-1 transgenic rat that develops HIV-related pathology and immunologic dysfunction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A, 98, 9271, 10.1073/pnas.161290298

Repunte-Canonigo, 2014, Gene expression changes consistent with neuroAIDS and impaired working memory in HIV-1 transgenic rats, Mol. Neurodegener., 9, 26, 10.1186/1750-1326-9-26

Robbins, 1998, Arousal and attention: psychopharmacological and neuropsychological studies in experimental animals, The Attentive Brain, 189

Robertson, 2004, No gender differences in the progression of nervous system disease in HIV infection, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 36, 817, 10.1097/00126334-200407010-00008

Roscoe, 2014, HIV-1 transgenic female rat: synaptodendritic alterations of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 9, 642, 10.1007/s11481-014-9555-z

Rosvold, 1956, A continuous performance test of brain damage, J. Consult. Psychol., 20, 343, 10.1037/h0043220

Rowson, 2016, Neuroinflammation and behavior in HIV-1 transgenic rats exposed to chronic adolescent stress, Front. Psychiatry, 7, 102, 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00102

Royal, 2016, Associations between cognition, gender and monocyte activation among HIV infected individuals in Nigeria, PLoS One, 11, e0147182, 10.1371/journal.pone.0147182

Royal, 2012, Immune activation, viral gene product expression and neurotoxicity in the HIV-1 transgenic rat, J. Neuroimmunol., 247, 16, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.03.015

Sacktor, 2014, Evolving clinical phenotypes in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS., 9, 517, 10.1097/COH.0000000000000102

Sarter, 2001, The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom up, Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev., 35, 146, 10.1016/s0165-0173(01)00044-3

Sas, 2007, Cognitive dysfunction in HIV encephalitic SCID mice correlations with levels of interferon-α in the brain, AIDS, 21, 2151, 10.1097/qad.0b013e3282f08c2f

Sengupta, 2013, The laboratory rat: relating its age with human’s, Int. J. Prev. Med., 4, 624

Sheppard, 2015, Elevated rates of mild cognitive impairment in HIV disease, J. Neurovirol., 21, 576, 10.1007/s13365-015-0366-7

Smith, 2015, Perinatally acquired HIV infection: long-term neuropsychological consequences and challenges ahead, Child Neuropsychol., 21, 234, 10.1080/09297049.2014.898744

Sohn, 2013, The changing epidemiology of the global paediatric HIV epidemic: keeping track of perinatally HIV-infected adolescents, J. Int. AIDS Soc., 16, 18555, 10.7448/ias.16.1.18555

Tansey, 2010, Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease: its role in neuronal death and implications for therapeutic intervention, Neurobiol. Dis., 37, 510, 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.004

AIDS by the numbers2016

Global HIV Statistics. Fact Sheet2017

Valcour, 2004, Higher frequency of dementia in older HIV-1 individuals: the Hawaii aging with HIV-1 cohort, Neurology, 63, 822, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000134665.58343.8d

Vigorito, 2015, The HIV-1 transgenic rat model of neuroHIV, Brain Behav. Immun., 48, 336, 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.020

Vigorito, 2007, Spatial learning and memory in HIV-1 transgenic rats, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 2, 319, 10.1007/s11481-007-9078-y

Wang, 2004, Decreased brain dopaminergic transporters in HIV-associated dementia patients, Brain, 127, 2452, 10.1093/brain/awh269

Warren, 1997, Spatial and nonspatial learning across the rat estrous cycle, Behav. Neurosci., 111, 259, 10.1037//0735-7044.111.2.259

Watkins, 2000, Attention in HIV-infected children: results from the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc., 6, 443, 10.1017/s1355617700644028

Webb, 2010, Evidence for developmental dopaminergic alterations in the human immunodeficiency virus-1 transgenic rat, J. Neurovirol., 16, 168, 10.3109/13550281003690177

Global update on the health sector response to HIV2014

Genomic resource centre: gender and genetics2017

Willen, 2017, Young adults perinatally infected with HIV perform more poorly on measures of executive functioning and motor speed than ethnically matched healthy controls, AIDS Care, 29, 387, 10.1080/09540121.2016.1234677