Serratus Plane Block in the Management of Post-operative Thoracotomy Pain
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Kavanagh BP, Katz J, Sandler AN. Pain control after thoracic surgery. A review of current techniques. Anesthesiology. 1994;81:737–59.
Katz J, Jackson M, Kavanagh BP, Sandler AN. Acute pain after thoracic surgery predicts long-term post-thoracotomy pain. Clin J Pain. 1996;12:50–5.
Joshi GP, Bonnet F, Shah R, Wilkinson RC, Camu F, Fischer B, et al. A systematic review of randomized trials evaluating regional techniques for postthoracotomy analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2008;107:1026–40.
•• Kaushal B, Chauhan S, Saini K, Bhoi D, Bisoi AK, Sangdup T, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block, pectoral nerves II block, and intercostal nerve block for the management of postoperative thoracotomy pain after pediatric cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019;33:418–25. This is the only prospective randomized study that has demonstrated the efficacy of SAP block in children undergoing thoracotomy for congenital heart disease.
•• Ökmen K, Ökmen BM. The efficacy of serratus anterior plane block in analgesia for thoracotomy: a retrospective study. J Anesth. 2017;31:579–85. This retrospective trial has shown the efficacy of SAP block in patients undergoing thoracotomy.
•• Semyonov M, Fedorina E, Grinshpun J, Dubilet M, Refaely Y, Ruderman L, et al. Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block for analgesia after thoracic surgery. J Pain Res. 2019;12:953–60. This prospective, randomized, double-blind study suggests that SAP block is an effective adjuvant treatment option for post-thoracic surgery analgesia.
• Madabushi R, Tewari S, Gautam SK, Agarwal A, Agarwal A. Serratus anterior plane block: a new analgesic technique for post-thoracotomy pain. Pain Physician. 2015;18:E421–4. The authors have proposed the usage of SAP block for post-thoracotomy pain.
• Okmen K, Okmen BM, Uysal S. Serratus anterior plane [SAP] block used for thoracotomy analgesia: a case report. Korean J Pain. 2016;29:189–92. The authors have proposed the usage of SAP block for thoracotomy pain.
Nasu H, Yamaguchi K, Nimura A, Akita K. An anatomic study of structure and innervation of the serratus anterior muscle. Surg Radiol Anat. 2012;34:921–8.
•• Blanco R, Parras T, McDonnell JG, Prats-Galino A. Serratus plane block: a novel ultrasound-guided thoracic wall nerve block. Anaesthesia. 2013;68:1107–13. Blanco et al. proposed the SAP block first time ever.
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Behnke H, Worthmann F, Cornelissen J, Kahl M, Wulf H. Plasma concentration of ropivacaine after intercostal blocks for video-assisted thoracic surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2002;89:251–3.
Rajashree M, Tewari S, Agarwal A, Agarwal A, Gautam SK. Response to continuous analgesia using a multi-holed catheter in serratus plane for thoracic surgery. Pain Physician. 2015;19:684–6.
Ohgoshi Y, Yokozuka M, Terajima K. Serratus-intercostal plane block for breast surgery. Masui. The Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology. 2015;64:610–4.
• Kunhabdulla NP, Agarwal A, Gaur A, Gautam SK, Gupta R, Agarwal A. Serratus anterior plane block for multiple rib fractures. Pain Physician. 2014;17:E651–3. Few of the case reports demonstrating usefulness of SAP block in cases of rib fracture.
• Camacho FCO, Segura-Grau E. Continuous serratus anterior plane block provides analgesia in multiple rib fractures: a case report. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2019;69:87–90. Few of the case reports demonstrating usefulness of SAP block in cases of rib fracture.
• Fu P, Weyker PD, Webb CA. Case report of serratus plane catheter for pain management in a patient with multiple rib fractures and an inferior scapular fracture. A A Case Rep. 2017;8:132–5 Few of the case reports demonstrating the usefulness of SAP block in cases of rib fracture.