Sensor Clustering Using a K-Means Algorithm in Combination with Optimized Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Trajectory in Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors - Tập 23 Số 4 - Trang 2345
Thanh‐Nam Tran1, Thanh-Long Nguyen2, Vinh Truong Hoang3, Miroslav Vozňák4
1Data Science Laboratory, Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
2Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
3Faculty of Computer Science, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
4Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic

Tóm tắt

We examine a general wireless sensor network (WSN) model which incorporates a large number of sensors distributed over a large and complex geographical area. The study proposes solutions for a flexible deployment, low cost and high reliability in a wireless sensor network. To achieve these aims, we propose the application of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a flying relay to receive and forward signals that employ nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for a high spectral sharing efficiency. To obtain an optimal number of subclusters and optimal UAV positioning, we apply a sensor clustering method based on K-means unsupervised machine learning in combination with the gap statistic method. The study proposes an algorithm to optimize the trajectory of the UAV, i.e., the centroid-to-next-nearest-centroid (CNNC) path. Because a subcluster containing multiple sensors produces cochannel interference which affects the signal decoding performance at the UAV, we propose a diagonal matrix as a phase-shift framework at the UAV to separate and decode the messages received from the sensors. The study examines the outage probability performance of an individual WSN and provides results based on Monte Carlo simulations and analyses. The investigated results verified the benefits of the K-means algorithm in deploying the WSN.

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Sensors

Tập 23 Số 4

2345

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