Semidwarf ( sd-1 ), “green revolution” rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - Tập 99 Số 13 - Trang 9043-9048 - 2002
Wolfgang Spielmeyer1, Marc H. Ellis1, Peter M. Chandler1
1Division of Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

Tóm tắt

The introduction of semidwarf rice ( Oryza sativa L.) led to record yield increases throughout Asia in the 1960s. The major semidwarfing allele, sd-1 , is still extensively used in modern rice cultivars. The phenotype of sd-1 is consistent with dwarfism that results from a deficiency in gibberellin (GA) plant growth hormones. We propose that the semidwarf ( sd-1 ) phenotype is the result of a deficiency of active GAs in the elongating stem arising from a defective 20-oxidase GA biosynthetic enzyme. Sequence data from the rice genome was combined with previous mapping studies to locate a putative GA 20-oxidase gene (Os20ox2) at the predicted map location of sd-1 on chromosome 1. Two independent sd-1 alleles contained alterations within Os20ox2: a deletion of 280 bp within the coding region of Os20ox2 was predicted to encode a nonfunctional protein in an indica type semidwarf (Doongara), whereas a substitution in an amino acid residue (Leu-266) that is highly conserved among dioxygenases could explain loss of function of Os20ox2 in a japonica semidwarf (Calrose76). The quantification of GAs in elongating stems by GC-MS showed that the initial substrate of GA 20-oxidase activity (GA 53 ) accumulated, whereas the content of the major product (GA 20 ) and of bioactive GA 1 was lower in semidwarf compared with tall lines. We propose that the Os20ox2 gene corresponds to the sd-1 locus.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Tập 99 Số 13

9043-9048

Thông tin tác giả