Semantic technologies for open interaction systems
Tóm tắt
Open interaction systems play a crucial role in agreement technologies because they are software devised for enabling autonomous agents (software or human) to interact, negotiate, collaborate, and coordinate their activities in order to establish agreements and manage their execution. Following the approach proposed by the recent literature on agent environments those open distributed systems can be efficiently and effectively modeled as a set of correlated physical and institutional spaces of interaction where objects and agents are situated. In our view in distributed open systems, spaces are fundamental for modeling the fact that events, actions, and social concepts (like norms and institutional objects) should be perceivable only by the agents situated in the spaces where they happen or where they are situated. Institutional spaces are also crucial for their active functional role of keeping track of the state of the interaction, and for monitoring and enforcing norms. Given that in an open distributed and dynamic system it is fundamental to be able to create and destroy spaces of interaction at run-time, in this paper we propose to create them using Artificial Institutions (AIs) specified at design time. This dynamic creation is a complex task that deserves to be studied in all details. For doing that, in this paper, we will first define the various components of AIs and spaces using Semantic Web Technologies, then we will describe the mechanisms for using AIs specification for realizing spaces of interaction. We will exemplify this process by formalizing the components of the auction Artificial Institution and of the spaces created for running concrete auctions.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Antoniou G, Harmelen Fv (2008) A semantic web primer (Cooperative Information Systems), 2nd edn. The MIT Press, Cambridge
Boissier O, Bordini RH, Hübner J, Ricci A, Santi A (2011) Multi-agent oriented programming with JaCaMo. Sci Comput Program (in press). Available online 29 October 2011
Bromuri S, Stathis K (2009) Distributed agent environments in the ambient Event Calculus. In: Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on distributed event-based systems, DEBS ’09. ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp 1–12
Colombetti M, Fornara N Verdicchio M (2002) The role of institutions in multiagent systems. In: Proceedings of the workshop on knowledge based and reasoning agents, VIII Convegno AI* IA, vol 2002
da Silva Figueiredo K, Torres da Silva V, de Oliveira Braga C (2010) Modeling norms in multi-agent systems with NormML. In: De Vos M, Fornara N, Pitt JV, Vouros G (eds) COIN 2010 international workshops, COIN@AAMAS 2010, Toronto, Canada, May 2010, COIN@MALLOW 2010, Lyon, France, August 2010, Revised selected papers, vol 6541 of LNCS. Springer, pp 39–57
d’Inverno M, Luck M, Noriega P, Rodriguez-Aguilar JA, Sierra C (2012) Communicating open systems. Artif Intell 186:38–94
Esteva M, Rodr Ãguez-Aguilar JA, Sierra C, Garcia P, Arcos J (2001) On the formal specification of electronic institutions. In: Dignum F, Sierra C (eds) Agent mediated electronic commerce, vol 1991 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, Berlin, pp 126–147
Fornara N (2011) Semantic agent systems: foundations and applications volume 344 of studies in computational intelligence chapter 2. In: Elçi A, Orgun MA (eds) Specifying and monitoring obligations in open multiagent systems using semantic web technology. Springer, Berlin, pp 25–46
Fornara N, Colombetti M (2009a) Specifying and enforcing norms in artificial institutions. In: Baldoni M, Son T, van Riemsdijk M, Winikoff M (eds) Declarative agent languages and technologies VI, vol 5397 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–17
Fornara N, Colombetti M (2009b) Specifying artificial institutions in the Event Calculus. In: Dignum V (ed) Handbook of research on multi-agent systems: semantics and dynamics of organizational models, information science reference, chapter XIV. IGI Global, pp 335–366
Fornara N, Colombetti M (2010) Representation and monitoring of commitments and norms using OWL. AI Commun 23(4):341–356
Fornara N, Okouya D, Colombetti M (2012) Using OWL 2 DL for expressing ACL content and semantics. In: Cossentino M, Kaisers M, Tuyls K. Weiss G (eds) Systems multi-agent, 9th European workshop, EUMAS 2011, Maastricht, The Netherlands, November 14–15, (2011) Revised Selected Papers, vol 7541 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, Berlin, pp 97–113
Fornara N, Viganò F, Colombetti M (2007) Agent communication and artificial institutions. Autonom Agents Multi Agent Syst 14(2):121–142
Fornara N, Viganò F, Verdicchio M, Colombetti M (2008) Artificial institutions: a model of institutional reality for open multiagent systems. Artif Intell Law 16(1):89–105
Hitzler P, Krötzsch M, Rudolph S (2009) Foundations of semantic web technologies. Chapman & Hall/CRC, London
Hübner JF, Sichman JS, Boissier O (2002) A model for the structural, functional, and deontic specification of organizations in multiagent systems. In: Proceedings of the 16th Brazilian symposium on artificial intelligence: advances in artificial intelligence, SBIA ’02. Springer, London, UK, pp 118–128
Kesim FN, Sergot M (1996) A logic programming framework for modeling temporal objects. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 8(5):724–741
Okuyama FY, Bordini RH, da Rocha Costa AC (2008) A distributed normative infrastructure for situated multi-agent organisations. In Proceedings of AAMAS ’08, vol 3. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Richland, SC, pp 1501–1504
Ricci A, Piunti M, Viroli M (2011) Environment programming in multi-agent systems: an artifact-based perspective. Auton Agents Multi Agent Syst 23(2):158–192
Ricci A, Piunti M, Viroli M, Omicini A (2009) Environment programming in CArtAgO. In: Bordini RH, Dix J, Fallah-Seghrouchni AE (eds) Multi-agent programming: languages, platforms and applications, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 259–288
Searle JR (1995) The construction of social reality. Free Press, New York
Sensoy M, Norman TJ, Vasconcelos WW, Sycara K (2012) OWL-POLAR: a framework for semantic policy representation and reasoning. Web Semant Sci Serv Agents WWW 12–13:148–160
Tampitsikas C, Bromuri S, Fornara N, Schumacher MI (2012) Interdependent artificial institutions in agent environments. Appl Artif Intell 26(4):398–427
Tampitsikas C, Bromuri S, Schumacher MI (2011) MANET: a model for first-class electronic institutions. In: Cranefield S, van Riemsdijk M, Vazquez-Salceda J, Noriega P (eds) Coordination, organizations, instiutions, and norms in agent system VII volume 7254 of LNCS page to appear. Springer, Berlin
Weyns D, Omicini A, Odell J (2007) Environment as a first class abstraction in multiagent systems. Auton Agents Multi Agent Syst 14(1):5–30
Zarafin AM, Zimmermann A, Boissier O (2012) Integrating semantic web technologies and multi-agent systems: a semantic description of multi-agent organizations. In: Ossowski S, Toni F, Vouros G (eds) Proceedings of the first international conference on agreement technologies, vol 918. Dubrovnik, Croatia, pp 296–297, October 15–16, 2012. CEUR workshop proceedings