Self-perceived vs actual and desired weight and body mass index in adult ambulatory general internal medicine patients: a cross sectional study

Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL: Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999–2010. JAMA. 2012, 307 (5): 491-497. 10.1001/jama.2012.39.

Hurt RT, Frazier TH, McClave SA, Kaplan LM: Obesity epidemic: overview, pathophysiology, and the intensive care unit conundrum. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011, 35 (Suppl 5): 4S-13S. 10.1177/0148607111415110.

Jia H, Lubetkin EI: Trends in quality-adjusted life-years lost contributed by smoking and obesity. Am J Prev Med. 2010, 38 (2): 138-144. 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.09.043.

AMA Newsroom Room: AMA adopts new policies on second day of voting at annual meeting: obesity as a disease [ https://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/news/news/2013/2013-06-18-new-ama-policies-annual-meeting.page ]

Tikkinen KA, Leinonen JS, Guyatt GH, Ebrahim S, Jarvinen TL: What is a disease? Perspectives of the public, health professionals and legislators.BMJ Open 2012, 2(6).,

Sivalingam SK, Ashraf J, Vallurupalli N, Friderici J, Cook J, Rothberg MB: Ethnic differences in the self-recognition of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities: a cross-sectional analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2011, 26 (6): 616-620. 10.1007/s11606-010-1623-3.

Post RE, Mainous AG, Gregorie SH, Knoll ME, Diaz VA, Saxena SK: The influence of physician acknowledgment of patients’ weight status on patient perceptions of overweight and obesity in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2011, 171 (4): 316-321. 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.549.

Wardle J, Johnson F: Weight and dieting: examining levels of weight concern in British adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002, 26 (8): 1144-1149. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802046.

Schieman S, Pudrovska T, Eccles R: Perceptions of body weight among older adults: analyses of the intersection of gender, race, and socioeconomic status. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2007, 62 (6): S415-S423. 10.1093/geronb/62.6.S415.

Burke MA, Heiland FW, Nadler CM: From “overweight” to “about right”: evidence of a generational shift in body weight norms. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010, 18 (6): 1226-1234. 10.1038/oby.2009.369.

Caccamese SM, Kolodner K, Wright SM: Comparing patient and physician perception of weight status with body mass index. Am J Med. 2002, 112 (8): 662-666. 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01104-X.

Moore SE, Harris C, Wimberly Y: Perception of weight and threat to health. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010, 102 (2): 119-124.

Chang VW, Christakis NA: Self-perception of weight appropriateness in the United States. Am J Prev Med. 2003, 24 (4): 332-339. 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00020-5.

Lynch E, Liu K, Wei GS, Spring B, Kiefe C, Greenland P: The relation between body size perception and change in body mass index over 13 years: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009, 169 (7): 857-866. 10.1093/aje/kwn412.

McTigue K, Hess R, Bryce CL, Fitzgerald K, Olshansky E, Sacco D, Fischer G: Perception of “healthy” body weight by patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006, 29 (3): 695-697. 10.2337/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-2459.

Chuang HT, Lee YC: Analysis of factors found to affect self-perceived weight status in Australia. J Nurs Res. 2010, 18 (3): 227-237. 10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181ed5880.

Johnson F, Cooke L, Croker H, Wardle J: Changing perceptions of weight in Great Britain: comparison of two population surveys. BMJ. 2008, 337: a494-10.1136/bmj.a494.

Pulvers KM, Kaur H, Nollen NL, Greiner KA, Befort CA, Hall S, Born W, Fitzgibbon ML, Ahluwalia JS: Comparison of body perceptions between obese primary care patients and physicians: implications for practice. Patient Educ Couns. 2008, 73 (1): 73-81. 10.1016/j.pec.2008.04.002.

Crawford D, Campbell K: Lay definitions of ideal weight and overweight. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999, 23 (7): 738-745. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800922.

Leonhard ML, Barry NJ: Body image and obesity: effects of gender and weight on perceptual measures of body image. Addict Behav. 1998, 23 (1): 31-34. 10.1016/S0306-4603(97)00017-8.

Rand CSW, Kuldau JM: The epidemiology of obesity and self-defined weight problem in the general population: gender, race, age, and social class. Int J Eat Disord. 1990, 9: 329-343. 10.1002/1098-108X(199005)9:3<329::AID-EAT2260090311>3.0.CO;2-B.

Kuchler F, Variyam JN: Mistakes were made: misperception as a barrier to reducing overweight. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003, 27 (7): 856-861. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802293.

Paeratakul S, White MA, Williamson DA, Ryan DH, Bray GA: Sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and BMI in relation to self-perception of overweight. Obes Res. 2002, 10 (5): 345-350. 10.1038/oby.2002.48.

Spencer EA, Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ: Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants. Public Health Nutr. 2002, 5 (4): 561-565. 10.1079/PHN2001322.

Nyholm M, Gullberg B, Merlo J, Lundqvist-Persson C, Rastam L, Lindblad U: The validity of obesity based on self-reported weight and height: implications for population studies. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007, 15 (1): 197-208. 10.1038/oby.2007.536.

Brunner Huber LR: Validity of self-reported height and weight in women of reproductive age. Matern Child Health J. 2007, 11 (2): 137-144. 10.1007/s10995-006-0157-0.

Maynard LM, Serdula MK, Galuska DA, Gillespie C, Mokdad AH: Secular trends in desired weight of adults. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006, 30 (9): 1375-1381. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803297. Erratum in: Int J Obes (Lond) 2006, 30(9):1461

Rosenstock IM: Why people use health services. Milbank Mem Fund Q. 1966, 44 (3): 94-127. 10.2307/3348967.

Bardia A, Holtan SG, Slezak JM, Thompson WG: Diagnosis of obesity by primary care physicians and impact on obesity management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007, 82 (8): 927-932. 10.4065/82.8.927.

Abid A, Galuska D, Khan LK, Gillespie C, Ford ES, Serdula MK: Are healthcare professionals advising obese patients to lose weight? A trend analysis. MedGenMed. 2005, 7 (4): 10-

Baer HJ, Karson AS, Soukup JR, Williams DH, Bates DW: Documentation and diagnosis of overweight and obesity in electronic health records of adult primary care patients. JAMA Intern Med. 2013, 173 (17): 1648-1652. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.7815.

Ko JY, Brown DR, Galuska DA, Zhang J, Blanck HM, Ainsworth BE: Weight loss advice US obese adults receive from health care professionals. Prev Med. 2008, 47 (6): 587-592. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.09.007.

Ma J, Xiao L, Stafford RS: Underdiagnosis of obesity in adults in US outpatient settings. Arch Intern Med. 2009, 169 (3): 313-314. 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.582.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Classification of overweight and obesity by BMI, waist circumference, and associated disease risks [ http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/lose_wt/bmi_dis.htm ]

Craig BM, Adams AK: Accuracy of body mass index categories based on self-reported height and weight among women in the United States. Matern Child Health J. 2009, 13 (4): 489-496. 10.1007/s10995-008-0384-7.

Kuskowska-Wolk A, Bostrom G, Rossner S: Influence of body image on estimation of body mass index based on self-reported weight and height. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1990, 10 (Suppl 1): S155-S158. 10.1016/0168-8227(90)90156-N.

Moyer VA, US Preventive Services Task Force: Screening for and management of obesity in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2012, 157 (5): 373-378.

Leblanc ES, O’Connor E, Whitlock EP, Patnode CD, Kapka T: Effectiveness of primary care-relevant treatments for obesity in adults: a systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2011, 155 (7): 434-447. 10.7326/0003-4819-155-7-201110040-00006.

Wing RR, Lang W, Wadden TA, Safford M, Knowler WC, Bertoni AG, Hill JO, Brancati FL, Peters A, Wagenknecht L, Look AHEAD Research Group: Benefits of modest weight loss in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011, 34 (7): 1481-1486. 10.2337/dc10-2415.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services: Decision memo for intensive behavioral therapy for obesity (CAG-00423 N) [ https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/nca-decision-memo.aspx?&NcaName=Intensive%20Behavioral%20Therapy%20for%20Obesity&bc=ACAAAAAAIAAA&NCAId=253 ]