Seismic assessment of rocking masonry structures

Al Shawa O, de Felice G, Mauro A, Sorrentino L (2012) Out-of-plane seismic behaviour of rocking masonry walls. Earthq Eng Struct Dynam 41(5):949–968

ASCE, SEI 41, 06 (2007) Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA

Baggio C, Trovalusci P (1998) Limit analysis for no-tension and frictional three-dimensional discrete systems. Mech Struct Mach 26(3):287–304

Bazzurro P, Cornell CA (2002) Vector-valued probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (VPSHA). In: Proceedings of 7th U.S. national conference on earthquake engineering, Boston, MA, July 21–25, Paper No. 61

Blandon CA, Priestley MJN (2005) Equivalent viscous damping equations for direct displacement based design. J Earthq Eng 9(SI 2):257–278

Calderini C, Lagomarsino S (2014) Collapse of masonry arches under seismic loadings: static tests on a scale model. J Struct Eng (ASCE). doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001079

Calderini C, Lagomarsino S, Rossi M, De Canio G, Mongelli ML, Roselli I (2014) Shaking table tests of an arch-piers system and design of strengthening interventions. Bull Earthq Eng (this issue)

Candela M, Cattari S, Lagomarsino S, Fonti R (2013) In-situ tests on the in-plane and out-of-plane behavior of irregular stone masonry. In: Proceedings of XV national conference ANIDIS “Seismic Engineering in Italy”, Padova, 1–4 July 2013 (in Italian)

Casapulla C (2008) Lower and upper bounds in closed form for out-of-plane strength of masonry structures with frictional resistances. In: Proceedings of 6th International Conference SAHC08, Bath (UK) vol 2, pp 1191–1198

Casapulla C, Jossa P, Maione A (2010) Rocking motion of a masonry rigid block under seismic actions: a new strategy based on the progressive correction of the resonance response. Ing Sism 27(4):35–48

Casapulla C, Maione A (2011) Out-of-plane local mechanisms in masonry buildings. The role of the orientation of horizontal floor diaphragms. In: Proceedings of 9th Australasian masonry conference, queenstown, New Zealand, pp 225–235

Casapulla C, Portioli F, Maione A, Landolfo R (2013) A macro-block model for in-plane loaded masonry walls with non-associative Coulomb friction. Meccanica 48(9):2107–26

Clemente P (1998) Introduction to dynamics of stone arches. Earthq Eng Struct Dynam 27(5):513–522

Curti E (2007) Seismic vulnerability of bell towers: mechanical and macroseismic models. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Genoa, Italy (in Italian)

D’Ayala D, Speranza E (2003) Definition of Collapse Mechanisms and Seismic Vulnerability of Historic Masonry Buildings. Earthq Spectra 19(3):479–509

D’Ayala D (2005) Force and displacement based vulnerability assessment for traditional buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 3:235–265

De Canio G, Clemente P, Mongelli M, Roselli I, Rinaldis D, Lagomarsino S, Rossi M (2014) Seismic assessment of the Lateranense Obelisk in Rome: in-situ and shaking table tests and theoretical interpretation. Bull Earthq Eng (this issue)

de Felice G, Giannini R (2001) Out-of-plane seismic resistance of masonry walls. J Earthq Eng 5(2):253–271

de Felice G (2011) Out-of-plane seismic capacity of masonry depending on wall section morphology. Int J Archit Herit 5:466–482

Doherty K, Griffith MC, Lam NTK, Wilson JL (2002) Displacement-based analysis for out-of-plane bending of seismically loaded unreinforced masonry walls. Earthq Eng Struct Dynam 31(4):833–850

Drosos VA, Anastasopoulos I (2014) Experimental investigation of the seismic response of classical temple columns. Bull Earthq Eng. doi: 10.1007/s10518-014-9608-y

EN 1998-1 (2004) Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance—Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. CEN (European Committee for Standardization), Brussels, Belgium

Faccioli E, Paolucci R, Rey J (2004) Displacement spectra for long periods. Earthq Spectra 20(2):347–376

Faccioli E, Villani M (2009) Seismic hazard mapping for Italy in terms of broadband displacement response spectra. Earthq Spectra 25(3):515–539

Fajfar P (1999) Capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand spectra. Earthq Eng Struct Dynam 28(9):979–993

Freeman SA (1998) Development and use of capacity spectrum method. Proceedings of 6th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Seattle, CD-Rom, Paper #269, EERI, Oakland, Ca

Giuffrè A (1993) Safety and preservation of historical centres: the Ortigia, case edn. Laterza, Bari (in Italian)

Griffith MC, Magenes G, Melis G, Picchi L (2003) Evaluation of out-of-plane stability of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to seismic excitation. J Earthq Eng 7(S1):141–169

Griffith MC, Lam NTK, Wilson JL, Doherty K (2004) Experimental investigation of unreinforced brick masonry wall in flexure. J Struct Eng (ASCE) 130(3):423–432

Heyman J (1966) The stone skeleton. Int J Solids Struct 2:249–279

Housner GW (1963) The behavior of inverted pendulum structures during earthquakes. Bull Seismol Soc Am 53:403–417

Ishiyama Y (1982) Motion of rigid bodies and criteria for overturning by earthquake excitations. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 10(5):635–650

Lagomarsino S, Podestà S (2004) Seismic vulnerability of ancient churches: I. Damage assessment and emergency planning. Earthq Spectra 20(2):377–394

Lagomarsino S, Resemini S (2009) The assessment of damage limitation state in the seismic analysis of monumental buildings. Earthq Spectra 25(2):323–346

Lagomarsino S, Modaressi H, Pitilakis K, Bosjlikov V, Calderini C, D’Ayala D, Benouar D, Cattari S (2010) PERPETUATE Project: the proposal of a performance-based approach to earthquake protection of cultural heritage. Adv Mater Res 133–134:1119–1124. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.133-134.1119

Lagomarsino S, Abbas N, Calderini C, Cattari S, Rossi M. Ginanni Corradini R, Marghella G, Mattolin F, Piovanello V (2011) Classification of cultural heritage assets and seismic damage variables for the identification of performance levels. WIT Trans Built Environ 118:697–708. doi: 10.2495/STR110581

Lagomarsino S, Penna A, Galasco A, Cattari S (2013) TREMURI program: an equivalent frame model for the nonlinear seismic analysis of masonry buildings. Eng Struct 56:1787–1799. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.08.002

Lagomarsino S, Cattari S (2014) PERPETUATE guidelines for seismic performance-based assessment of cultural heritage masonry structures. Bull Earthq Eng (this issue)

Liberatore D, Santarsiero D (2009) Rocking of slender blocks subjected to seismic motion: influence of the coefficient of restitution and of the unilateral constraint. In: Proceedings of XV national conference ANIDIS “Seismic Engineering in Italy”, Bologna, 28 June–2 July 2009 (in Italian)

Makris N, Konstantinidis D (2001) The rocking spectrum and the shortcomings of design guidelines. Report No. PEER-01/07, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, CA

Makris N, Konstantinidis D (2003) The rocking spectrum and the limitations of practical design methodologies. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 32(2):265–289

MB-perpetuate (2013) A macroblock program for the seismic assessment (freeware software developed by Lagomarsino S and Ottonelli D). Available on-line at: http://www.perpetuate.eu/category/results-and-documents/software/

Milani G, Tralli A (2012) A simple meso-macro model based on SQP for the non-linear analysis of masonry double curvature structures. Int J Solids Struct 49:808–834

Milani G, Pizzolato M, Tralli A (2013) Simple numerical model with second order effect for the out-of-plane loaded masonry walls. Eng Struct 48:98–120

NTC (2008) Norme tecniche per le costruzioni (Technical Code for Constructions). Ministry of Infrastructures and Transportations. Decree on 14 January 2008, G.U. S.O. n.30, 4 February 2008 (in Italian)

Orduña A, Lourenço PB (2005) Three-dimensional limit analysis of rigid blocks assemblages. Part II: load-path following solution procedure and validation. Int J Solids Struct 42:5161–5180

Page AW (1981) The biaxial compressive strength of brick masonry. Proc Inst Civil Eng Part 2 71(3):893–906

Portioli F, Casapulla C, Cascini L, D’Aniello M, Landolfo R (2013) Limit analysis by linear programming of 3D masonry structures with associative fiction laws and torsion interaction effects. Arch Appl Mech 83(10):1415–1438

Portioli F, Casapulla C, Cascini L, Landolfo R (2013) Three-dimensional limit analysis of dry-joint masonry walls using rigid block modelling. In: Proceedings of 14th international conference on civil, structural and environmental engineering computing, Cagliari (Italy), pp 1–14

Priestly MJN, Evison RJ, Carr AJ (1978) Seismic response of structures free to rock on their foundations. Bull N Z Nat Soc Earthq Eng 11(3):141–150

Restrepo-Vélez LF, Magenes G, Griffith MC (2012) Dry stone masonry walls in bending—Part I: static tests. Int J Archit Herit. doi: 10.1080/15583058.2012.663059

Sackman JL, Der Kiureghian A, Nour-Omid B (1983) Dynamic analysis of light equipment in structures: modal properties of the combined system. J Eng Mech Div (ASCE) 109(1):73–89

Singh MP (1980) Seismic design input for secondary systems. J Struct Div (ASCE) 106(2):505–517

Smerzini C, Galasso C, Iervolino I, Paolucci R (2013) Ground motion record selection based on broadband spectral compatibility. Earthq Spectra. doi: 10.1193/052312EQS197M

Sorrentino L, Al Shawa O (2011) The relevance of energy damping in unreinforced masonry rocking mechanisms. Experimental and analytic investigations. Bull Earthq Eng 9:1617–1642

Suarez LE, Singh MP (1987) Floor response spectra with structure-equipment interaction effects by a mode synthesis approach. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 15:141–158

Vaculik J, Griffith MC, Magenes G (2012) Dry stone masonry walls in bending—part II: analysis. Int J Archit Herit. doi: 10.1080/15583058.2012.663060

Yim CS, Chopra AK, Penzien J (1980) Rocking response of rigid blocks to earthquake. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 8(6):565–587