Sedimentary geology and geochemical approach to determine depositional environment of the Triassic turbidites bearing Semanggol Formation, NW Peninsular Malaysia

Journal of Natural Gas Geoscience - Tập 5 - Trang 207-226 - 2020
Zulqarnain Sajid1, Mohd Suhaili Ismail1, Haylay Tsegab1, Tanzila Hanif2, Nisar Ahmed1
1Department of Petroleum Geosciences, University Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Sri Iskandar, Malaysia
2Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Tài liệu tham khảo

Courtier, 1974, The geology and mineral resources of the neighbourhood of the Kulim area, Kedah. Geol. Surv. Malaysia Map Bull., 3, 50 Burton, 1970, The palaeotectonic status of the Malay Peninsula, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 7, 51, 10.1016/0031-0182(70)90026-X 1973, Mesozoic, 97 Burton, 1988, The geology and mineral resources of the Bedung area, Kedah, west Malaysia, Geol. Surv. Malays. Map Bull., 7, 103 Teoh, 1992 Hutchison, 2009, Tectonic evolution, 309 2009, Mesozoic stratigraphy, 87 Alexander, 1959, Geology and paleontology in Malaya, Nature, 183, 230, 10.1038/183230a0 Kobayashi, 1984, The Triassic Bivalvia of Malaysia, Thailand and adjacent areas, vol. 25, 201 Jasin, 1989, The Semanggol Formation – Lithostratigraphy of the Semanggol rocks in the light of latest concept in stratigraphic practice: a suggestion, Warta Geol. Newslet. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, 15, 29 Sashida, 1995, Middle and late Permian radiolarians from the Semanggol Formation, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, Trans. Proc. Palaeontol. Soc. Jpn. New Ser., 177, 43 Metcalfe, 2011, Palaeozoic-mesozoic history of SE Asia, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 355, 7, 10.1144/SP355.2 Metcalfe, 2013, Tectonic evolution of the Malay Peninsula, J. Asian Earth Sci., 76, 195, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.011 Ismail, 2007, Sedimentology of the Semantan formation (middle-upper Triassic) along the Karak-Kuantan highway, Central Pahang. Geol. Soc. Malaysia Bull., 53, 27, 10.7186/bgsm53200706 Metcalfe, 2000, The Bentong–Raub suture zone, J. Asian Earth Sci., 18, 691, 10.1016/S1367-9120(00)00043-2 Sone, 2012, The Chanthaburi terrane of southeastern Thailand: stratigraphic confirmation as a disrupted segment of the Sukhothai Arc, J. Asian Earth Sci., 61, 16, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.08.021 Hutchison, 1975, Ophiolite in southeast Asia, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 86, 797, 10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<797:OISA>2.0.CO;2 Khoo, 1983, 253 Gobbett, 1973, 438 Ridd, 2013, A middle Permian–middle Triassic accretionary complex and a late Triassic foredeep basin: Forerunners of an Indosinian (late Triassic) thrust complex in the Thailand–Malaysia border area, J. Asian Earth Sci., 76, 99, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.09.030 Hutchison, 1989, vol. 13, 368 Hussin, 1993, Re-interpretation of the stratigraphy of the Gunong semanggol area, Perak Darul Ridzuan and its implication, 113 Jenner, 1990, ICP-MS—a powerful tool for high-precision trace-element analysis in Earth sciences: evidence from analysis of selected USGS reference samples, Chem. Geol., 83, 133, 10.1016/0009-2541(90)90145-W Terzaghi, 1962, Stability of steep slopes on hard unweathered rock, Geotechnique, 12, 251, 10.1680/geot.1962.12.4.251 1978, Suggested methods for the quantitative description of discontinuities in rock masses, Int. Jour. Rock Mechan. Mining Sci. Geomechan. Abstr., 15, 319 Johansson, 1995, A classification scheme for shale clasts in deep-water sandstones, vol. 216, 123 Postma, 1984 Lowe, 1982, Sediment gravity flows: II depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents, J. Sediment. Res., 52, 279 Boggs, 2009 Pickering, 1986, Deep-water facies, processes and models: a review and classification scheme for modern and ancient sediments, Earth Sci. Rev., 23, 75, 10.1016/0012-8252(86)90001-2 Nichols, 2009, 62 Reineck, 1980 Mulder, 2001, The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density flows and their deposits, Sedimentology, 48, 269, 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2001.00360.x Butterworth, 2007, Channel-levee com- plexes of the Fossil Bluff group, Alexander island, Antarctica, 56 Arnold, 1962, 168 Mutti, 1992, 275 Cullen, 1997, Facies of the Forties member in the Nelson field, UKCS north Sea, cores from the northwest European hydrocarbon Province, Geol. Soc. London, 155, 174 Beaubouef, 1999, Deep-water sandstones. Brushy canyon formation, west Texas, AAPG Contin. Educ. Course Note Ser., 40, 48 Pickering, 2016, 657 López-Gamundí, 1993, Pebbly mudstones in the Cretaceous Pigeon Point Formation, western California: a study in the transitional stages from submarine slumps to cohesive debris flows, Sediment. Geol., 84, 37, 10.1016/0037-0738(93)90043-5 Pickering, 2005, Mass-transport complexes (MTCs) and tectonic control on basin-floor submarine fans, middle Eocene, south Spanish Pyrenees, J. Sediment. Res., 75, 761, 10.2110/jsr.2005.062 Tripsanas, 2008, Submarine mass-transport facies: New perspectives on flow processes from cores on the eastern North American margin, Sedimentology, 55, 97 Posamentier, 2011, The character and genesis of submarine mass-transport deposits: insights from outcrop and 3D seismic data Zakaria, 2013, Sedimentary facies analysis and depositional model of the Palaeogene West Crocker submarine fan system, NW Borneo, J. Asian Earth Sci., 76, 283, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.05.002 Celma, 2011, Sedimentology, architecture, and depositional evolution of a coarse-grained submarine canyon fill from the Gelasian (early Pleistocene) of the Peri-Adriatic basin, Offida Central Italy. Sediment. Geol., 238, 233, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.05.003 Bayliss, 2015, Deep-marine structurally confined channelised sandy fans: middle Eocene Morillo system, Ainsa basin, Spanish Pyrenees, Earth Sci. Rev., 144, 82, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.014 Henstra, 2016, Depositional processes and stratigraphic architecture within a coarse-grained rift-margin turbidite system: the Wollaston Forland Group, east Greenland, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 76, 187, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.05.018 Mueller, 2017, Hybrid event beds in the proximal to distal extensive lobe domain of the coarse-grained and sand-rich Bordighera turbidite system (NW Italy), Mar. Petrol. Geol., 86, 908, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.06.047 Kane, 2007, Anatomy of a submarine channel-levee: an example from upper Cretaceous slope sediments, Rosario formation, Baja California, Mexico, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 24, 540, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.01.003 Kane, 2011, Sedimentological criteria to differentiate submarine channel levee subenvironments : exhumed examples from the Rosario Fm. (Upper Cretaceous) of Baja California, Mexico, and the Fort Brown Fm. (Permian), Karoo basin, South Africa, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 28, 807, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.05.009 Mutti, 1978, Turbidites of the northern Apennines: introduction to facies analysis, Int. Geol. Rev., 20, 125, 10.1080/00206817809471524 McClay, 1987, Geometries of extensional fault systems developed in model experiments, Geology, 15, 341, 10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<341:GOEFSD>2.0.CO;2 Fossen, 2010, Extensional tectonics in the north Atlantic Caledonides: a regional view, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 335, 767, 10.1144/SP335.31 Mitsakaki, 2013, A study of the crust stress field for the Aegean region (Greece), Tectonophy, 597, 50, 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.10.003 Zahasky, 2014, Influence of initial fabric on fractures developed in shear zones in clay, J. Struct. Geol., 58, 1, 10.1016/j.jsg.2013.10.009 Scheidegger, 1982, Comment on “Is there a genetic relationship between selected regional joints and contemporary stress within the lithosphere of North America”, Tectonics, 1, 463, 10.1029/TC001i005p00463 Parker, 1973, The relationship between struc-ture, stress, and Moisture, Eng. Min. J., 1 Stauffer, 1967, Grain-flow deposits and their implications, Santa Ynez Mountains, California, J. Sediment. Res., 37, 487 Tongkul, 1987 Crevello, 2007, Mixed braided and leveed-channel turbidites, west Crocker fan system, northwest Borneo, vol. 56, 32 Posamentier, 2003, Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings, Jour.Sediment. Res., 73, 367, 10.1306/111302730367 Mayall, 2000, The architecture of turbidite slope channels, 578 Mayall, 2006, Turbidite channel reservoirs-Key elements in facies prediction and effective development, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 23, 821, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.08.001 Armitage, 2012, Postavulsion channel evolution: Niger Delta continental slope, AAPG Bull., 96, 823, 10.1306/09131110189 Callow, 2014, Physical, biological, geochemical and sedimentological controls on the ichnology of submarine canyon and slope channel systems, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 54, 144, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.02.016 Reading, 1994, Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain-zone and feeder system, AAPG Bull., 78, 792 Haughton, 2003, Linked debrites in sand-rich turbidite systems-origin and significance, Sedimentology, 50, 459, 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00560.x Mutti, 1985, Turbidite systems and their relations to depositional sequences, 65 Richards, 1998, Submarine fans and related depositional systems II: variability in reservoir architecture and wireline log character, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 15, 821, 10.1016/S0264-8172(98)00042-7 Piper, 2001, Sandy fans—from Hueneme to Amazon and beyond, AAPG Bull., 85, 1407 Chian, 2019, Delineation of subsurface structures of semanggol formation, North Perak using magnetic data, Int. Jour. Geomate, 17, 204 Floyd, 1987, Tectonic environment of the Devonian Gramscatho basin, south Cornwall: framework mode and geochemical evidence from turbiditic sandstones (England), J. Geol. Soc., 144, 531, 10.1144/gsjgs.144.4.0531 Cullers, 2002, Implications of elemental concentrations for provenance, redox conditions, and metamorphic studies of shales and limestones near Pueblo, CO, USA, Chem. Geol., 191, 305, 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00133-X McLennan, 2001, Relationships between the trace element composition of sedimentary rocks and upper continental crust, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2, 1, 10.1029/2000GC000109 Floyd, 1989, Geochemistry and tectonic setting of Lewisian clastic metasediments from the early Proterozoic Loch maree group of Gairloch, NW Scotland, Precambrian Res., 45, 203, 10.1016/0301-9268(89)90040-5 Cox, 1995, The influence of sediment recycling and basement composition on evolution of mudrock chemistry in the southwestern United States, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 2919, 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00185-9 Moosavirad, 2011, Geochemistry of lower Jurassic shales of the Shemshak formation, Kerman Province, Central Iran: provenance, source weathering and tectonic setting, Chemie der Erde, 71, 279, 10.1016/j.chemer.2010.10.001 Nesbitt, 1982, Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites, Nature, 299, 715, 10.1038/299715a0 McLennan, 1991, Sedimentary rocks and crustal evolution: tectonic setting and secular trends, J. Geol., 99, 1 McLennan, 1995, Early Proterozoic crustal evolution: geochemical and NdPb isotopic evidence from metasedimentary rocks, southwestern North America, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 1153, 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00032-U Mclennan, 1993, Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 284 V Seredin, 2012, International Journal of Coal Geology Coal deposits as potential alternative sources for lanthanides and yttrium, Int. J. Coal Geol., 94, 67, 10.1016/j.coal.2011.11.001 Bau, 1996, Distribution of yttrium and rare-earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-fromations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, Precambrian Res., 79, 37, 10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9 Dai, 2016, A review of anomalous rare earth elements and yttrium in coal, Int. J. Coal Geol., 159, 82, 10.1016/j.coal.2016.04.005 Sarki Yandoka, 2015, Geochemical characterisation of early Cretaceous lacustrine sediments of Bima formation, Yola sub-basin, northern Benue trough, NE Nigeria: organic matter input, preservation, paleoenvironment and palaeoclimatic conditions, Mar. Pet. Geol., 61, 82, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.12.010 K Roy, 2013, Climatic control on the composition of Carboniferous-Permian Gondwana sediments, Khalaspir basin, Bangladesh, Gondwana Res., 23, 1163, 10.1016/j.gr.2012.07.006 Beckmann, 2005, Orbital forcing of Cretaceous river discharge in tropical Africa and ocean response, Nature, 437, 241, 10.1038/nature03976 Xu, 2017, Geological and geochemical characterization of lacustrine shale: a case study of the Jurassic Da'anzhai member shale in the central Sichuan Basin, southwest China, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., 47, 124, 10.1016/j.jngse.2017.09.008 Deng, 1993, 18 Pi, 2014, Depositional environments for stratiform witherite deposits in the Lower Cambrian black shale sequence of the Yangtze Platform, southern Qinling region, SW China: evidence from redox-sensitive trace element geochemistry, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 398, 125, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.09.029 Galarraga, 2008, V/Ni ratio as a parameter in palaeoenvironmental characterisation of nonmature medium-crude oils from several Latin American basins, J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 61, 9, 10.1016/j.petrol.2007.10.001 Rimmer, 2004, Geochemical paleoredox indicators in Devonian–Mississippian black shales, central Appalachian basin (USA), Chem. Geol., 206, 373, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.029 Bhatia, 1983, Plate tectonics and geochemical composition of sandstones, J. Geol., 91, 611 Roser, 1986, Determination of tectonic setting of sandstone-mudstone suites using SiO2 content and K2O/Na2O ratio, J. Geol., 94, 635 Roser, 1988, Provenance signatures of sandstone-mudstone suites determined using discriminant function analysis of major-element data, Chem. Geol., 67, 119, 10.1016/0009-2541(88)90010-1 Nesbitt, 1996, Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments, with implications for provenance studies, J. Geol., 104, 525 Tijani, 2010, Textural and geochemical characteristics of the Ajali sandstone, Anambra basin, SE Nigeria: implication for its provenance, Compt. Rendus Geosci., 342, 136, 10.1016/j.crte.2009.09.009 Bhatia, 1986, Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 92, 181, 10.1007/BF00375292 Mutti, 1999, An introduction to the analysis of ancient turbidite basins from an outcrop perspective, AAPG Course Notes, 39, 93 Tinterri, 2015, The syntectonic evolution of foredeep turbidites related to basin segmentation: facies response to the increase in tectonic confinement (Marnoso-arenacea Formation, Miocene, Northern Apennines, Italy), Mar. Petrol. Geol., 67, 81, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.04.006 Tinterri, 2016, Convolute laminations and load structures in turbidites as indicators of flow reflections and decelerations against bounding slopes. Examples from the Marnoso-arenacea Formation (northern Italy) and Annot Sandstones (south eastern France), Sediment. Geol., 344, 382, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.01.023 Mutti, 2002, 21 Tinterri, 2011, Synsedimentary structural control on foredeep turbidites: an example from Miocene Marnoso-arenacea formation, northern Apennines, Italy, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 28, 629, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.07.007 Marini, 2016, Fill to spill stratigraphic evolution of a confined turbidite mini-basin succession, and its likely well bore expression: the Castagnola Fm, NW Italy, Mar. Pet. Geol., 69, 94, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.10.014 Cornamusini, 2004, Sand-rich turbidite system of the Late Oligocene Northern Apennines foredeep: physical stratigraphy and architecture of the ‘Macigno costiero’(coastal Tuscany, Italy), Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 222, 261, 10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.222.01.14 Prather, 1998, Classification, lithologic calibration, and stratigraphic succession of seismic facies of intraslope basins, deep-water Gulf of Mexico, AAPG Bull., 82, 701 Tinterri, 2015, 532 Blake, 2017, Application of REE geochemical signatures for Mesozoic sediment provenance to the Gettysburg Basin, Pennsylvania, Sediment. Geol., 349, 103, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.12.009 Schoepfer, 2015, Total organic carbon, organic phosphorus, and biogenic barium fluxes as proxies for paleomarine productivity, Earth Sci. Rev., 149, 23, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.08.017 Tinterri, 2017, Asymmetrical cross-current turbidite facies tract in a structurally-confined mini-basin (Priabonian-Rupelian, Ranzano Sandstone, northern Apennines, Italy, Sediment. Geol., 352, 63, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.12.005