Secondary Traumatic Stress in Social Workers Responding to Disasters: Reports from the Field

Clinical Social Work Journal - Tập 35 Số 3 - Trang 173-181 - 2007
April Naturale1
1Ehrenkranz School of Social Work, New York University, New York, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edn, Text Revision ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Bride, B. E. (2007). Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among social workers. Social Work, 52, 63–70.

Bryant, R. A., Harvey, A. G., Dang, S., Sackville, T., & Basten, C. (1998). Treatment of acute stress disorder: A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive counseling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 862–866.

Catherall, D. R. (1999). Coping with secondary traumatic stress: The importance of the therapist’s professional peer group. In B. H. Staumm, Ph.D. (Ed.) Secondary traumatic stress self-care issues for clinicians, researchers and educators (2nd ed.). (pp. 80–94). Baltimore: The Sidran Press.

Center For Mental Health Services. (2001, September 21). An overview of the crisis counseling assistance and training program (CCP-PG-01). Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services.

Center For Mental Health Services. (2003). Mental health all hazards disaster planning guidance. (SMA-3829). Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., Gibson, L. E., Cozza, S. J., Brymer, M. J., & Murray, L. (2005). Interventions for children and adolescents following disaster. In Ritchie, E. C., Watson, P. J., & Friedman, M. J. (Eds.) Interventions Following Mass Violence and Disaster (pp. 227–256). New York: The Guildford Press.

Collogan, L. K., Tuma, F., Dolan-Sewell, R., Borja, S., & Fleischman, A. R. (2004). Ethical Iissues pertaining to research in the aftermath of disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(5), 363–373.

Cook, C. (January 9, 2007). Personal communication. Director, Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, Louisiana Spirit Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program.

Everly, G. S., & Mitchell, J. T. (1999). Critical incident stress management. A new era and standard of care in crisis intervention (second Ed). Ellicott City, MD: Chevron Publishing.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (2006). Retrieved from: http://www.Fema.gov .

Figley, C. R. (1994). Compassion fatigue: The stress of caring too much. Panama City, FL: Visionary Productions, Inc.

Figley, C. R. (1995). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

Figley, C. R. (1999). Compassion fatigue: Toward a new understanding of the costs of caring. In B. H. Stamm (Ed.) Secondary traumatic stress. Self care issues for clinicians, researchers & educators (2nd ed.) (pp. 3–29). Baltimore, MD: Sidran Press.

Figley, C. R. (Ed.) (2002). Introduction. Treating Compassion Fatigue (pp.1–14). New York: Brunner-Routledge.

Galea, S., Ahern, J., Resnick, H., Kilpatrick, D., Mucuvalas, M., & Gold, J. (2002). Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(13), 982–987.

Hamblen, J., Gibson, L. E., Mueser, K., Rosenberg, S., Jankowski, K., Watson, P. J., & Friedman, M., J. (2003). Brief cognitive interventions for postdisaster distress. White River Junction, VT: Veterans Administration: National Center for PTSD.

Hamblen, J. L., Watson, P. J., Norris, F. H., & Pfefferbaum, B. J. (2005). Provider perspectives on disaster mental health services in Oklahoma City. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 10(12), 649–661.

Hillman, J. (January 10, 2007). Personal Communication. Director, Mississippi Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation, Project Recovery Crisis Counseling Assistance & Training Program.

Jackson, G., & Cook, C. (1999). Crisis counseling program for the rural community. (SMA-99–3378). Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

Kassam-Adams, N. (1999). The risks of treating sexual trauma: Stress and secondary trauma in psychotherapists. In B. H. Stamm (Ed.) Secondary traumatic stress. Self care issues for clinicians, researchers & educators (2nd ed.). (pp. 37–51). Baltimore: Sidran Press.

Knight, A. & West, M. (January 16, 2007). Personal communication, Alabama State Departments of Health and Mental Health Disaster Response.

Litz, B., & Grey, M. (2002). Early intervention for trauma: Current status and future directions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 112–134.

Lukens, E., & McFarlane. W. (2004). Psychoeducation as evidence based practice: Considerations for practice, research and policy. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 4(3), 205–225.

McCann, L., & Pearlman, L. A. (1990). Vicarious traumatization: A framework for understanding the psychological effects of working with victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3(1), 131–149.

Mitchell, J. T., & Resnick, H. L. P. (1981). Emergency response to crisis. London: Prentice Hall International, Inc.

Munroe, J. F. (1999). Ethical issues associated with secondary trauma in therapists. In B. H. Stamm (Ed.) Secondary traumatic stress self care issues for clinicians, researchers and educators (2nd ed.). (pp. 211–230). Baltimore: Sidran Press.

Meyers, D., & Wee, D. (2002). Strategies for managing disaster mental health stress. In Charles R. Figley (Ed.), Treating compassion fatigue (pp. 181–212). New York: Brunner-Routledge.

Meyers, D., & Wee, D. (2005). Disaster mental health services. New York: Brunner-Routledge.

New York State Office of Mental Health. (2005). 2005–2009 Statewide Comprehensive Plan for Mental Health Services Appendix 5: Project Liberty Service Delivery. Retrieved, from http://www.omh.state.ny.us/omhweb/statewideplan/2005/appendix5.htm.

Norris, F. H., (2006). Disaster research methods: Past progress and future directions. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(2), 173–184.

Norris, F. H., Hamblen, J. L., Watson, P. J., Ruzek, J. I., Gibson, L. E., Pfefferbaum, B. J., Price, J. L., Stevens, S. P., Young, B. H., Friedman, M. J. (2006). Toward understanding and creating system of postdisaster care: A case study of New York’s response to the World Trade Center disaster. In E. C. Ritchie, P. J. Watson & M. J. Friedman (Eds.) Interventions following mass violence and disaster (pp. 343–365). New York: The Guildford Press.

Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., & Watson, P. J. (2002). 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part II. Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 65(3), 240–260.

Norris, F. H., & Kaniasty, K. (1996). Received and perceived social support in times of stress: A test of the social support deteriorations deterrence model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 498–511.

North, C. S., & Pfefferbaum, B. (2002). Research on the mental health effects of terrorism. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(5), 633–636.

Padgett, D. (2002). Social work research on disasters in the aftermath of the September 11 tragedy: Reflections from New York City. Social Work Research, 26(3) 185–188.

Pearlman, L. A. (1999). Self care for trauma therapists: Ameliorating vicarious traumatization. In B. S. Staumm, Ph.D. (Ed.) Secondary traumatic stress self-care issues for clinicians, researchers and educators (2nd ed.). (pp. 51–64). Baltimore, MD: The Sidran Press.

Pearlman, L. A., & MacIan, P. (1995). Vicarious traumatization: An empirical study of the effects of trauma work on trauma therapists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26(6), 558–565.

Pearlman, L. A., & McCann, L. (1990). Vicarious traumatization: A framework for understanding the psychological effects of working with victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3(1), 131–149.

Rose, S., Bisson, J., & Weseley, S. (2001). Psychological debriefing for prevention Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 3.

Ruzek, J. I. (2006). Disaster mental health training: Guidelines, considerations and recommendations. In E.C. Ritchie, P. J. Watson, M. J. Friedman (Eds.) Interventions following mass violence and disaster. (pp. 55–79). New York: The Guildford Press.

Schuster, M. A., Stein, B. D., Jaycox, L. A., Collins, R. L., Marshall, G. N., & Elliott, M. N. (2001). A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(20), 1507–1512.

Stamm, B. H. (Ed.) (1995). Secondary traumatic stress self- care issues for clinicians, researchers and educators. Baltimore, MD: The Sidran Press.

Stamm, B. H. (1999). Introduction to the second edition. In B. H. Stamm (Ed.) Secondary traumatic stress: Self-care issues for clinicians, researchers and educators (2nd ed.) (pp. xix–xxxi). Baltimore: Sidran Press.

Stamm, B. H., Bieber, S. L., & Pearlman, L. A. (October, 1991). A preliminary report on scale construction and generalizability of the TSI Belief Scale. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. Washington, DC.

Selye, H. (1976). The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2006). Retrieved from: http://www.samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/SMA03-3829 .

Veterans Administration (n.d.). Post trauma acute stress reaction civilian population. Retrieved from, www.oqp.med.va.gov/cpg/PTSD.

Wee, D. F., & Meyers, D. (2002). Stress response of mental health workers following disaster: The Oklahoma City Bombing. In Charles R. Figley (Ed.) Treating Compassion Fatigue (pp. 57–81). New York: Brunner-Routledge.

Weisler, R. H., Barbee, J. G., & Townsend, M. H. (2006). Mental health and recovery in the Gulf Coast after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Journal of the American Medical Association, 296(5), 585–588.

White, M., & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative means to therapeutic ends. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co.

Young, B. H., Ruzek, J. I., Wong, M., Salzer, M. S., & Naturale, A. J. (2006). Disaster mental health training: Guidelines, considerations and recommendations. In E. C. Ritchie, P. J. Watson & M. J. Friedman (Eds.), Interventions following mass violence and disaster (pp. 55–79). New York: The Guildford Press.

Young, B. H., Ford, J. D., Ruzek, J. I., Friedman, M. F., & Guzman, F. D. (1998). Disaster mental health services: A guidebook for clinicians and administrators. St. Louis, MO: Dept. of Veterans Affairs Employee Education System.