Second time around: Corticospinal responses following repeated sports-related concussions within the same season. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Shaw, 2002, The neurophysiology of concussion, Progress Neurobiol, 67, 281, 10.1016/S0301-0082(02)00018-7 McCrory, 2013, Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012, Br J Sports Med, 47, 250, 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092313 Ropper, 2008, Concussion and other head injuries, 2596 Giza, 2001, The neurometabolic cascade of concussion, J Ath Train, 36, 228 Dimou, 2014, Toward objective markers of concussion in sport: a review of white matter and neurometabolic changes in the brain after sports-related concussion, J Neurotrauma, 31, 413, 10.1089/neu.2013.3050 Stein, 2014, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a spectrum of neuropathological changes following repetitive brain trauma in athletes and military personnel, Alzheimers Res Ther, 6 Stern, 2013, Clinical presentation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Neurology, 81, 1122, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a55f7f McKee, 2014, The neuropathology of sport, Acta Neuropathol, 127, 29, 10.1007/s00401-013-1230-6 Haacke, 2004, Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), Magn Reson Med, 52, 612, 10.1002/mrm.20198 Ellemberg, 2009, Advances in sport concussion assessment: from behavioral to brain imaging measures, J Neurotrauma, 26, 2365, 10.1089/neu.2009.0906 McCrea, 2003, Acute effects and recovery time following concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study, JAMA, 290, 2556, 10.1001/jama.290.19.2556 Pearce AJ, Hoy K, Rogers MA, Corp DT, Davies CB, Maller JJ, et al. Acute motor, neurocognitive and neurophysiological change following concussion injury in Australian amateur football. A prospective multimodal investigation. J Sci Med Sport. In Press; Prichep, 2013, Time course of clinical and electrophysiological recovery after sport-related concussion, J Head Trauma Rehab, 28, 266, 10.1097/HTR.0b013e318247b54e De Beaumont, 2007, Long-Term and Cumulative Effects of Sports Concussion on Motor Cortex Inhibition, Neurosurgery, 61, 329, 10.1227/01.NEU.0000280000.03578.B6 De Beaumont, 2009, Brain function decline in healthy retired athletes who sustained their last sports concussion in early adulthood, Brain, 132, 695, 10.1093/brain/awn347 Pearce, 2014, The long-term effects of sports concussion on retired Australian football players: A study using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, J Neurotrauma, 31, 1, 10.1089/neu.2013.3219 De Beaumont, 2011, Persistent motor system abnormalities in formerly concussed athletes, J Athl Train, 46, 234, 10.4085/1062-6050-46.3.234 Kobayashi, 2003, Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology, Lancet Neurol, 2, 145, 10.1016/S1474-4422(03)00321-1 Hallett, 2000, Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain, Nature, 406, 147, 10.1038/35018000 Major BP, Rogers MA, Pearce AJ. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to quantify electrophysiological changes following concussive brain injury: A systematic review. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. In Press; Livingston, 2012, Differential rates of recovery after acute sport-related concussion: electrophysiologic, symptomatic, and neurocognitive indices, J Clin Neurophysiol, 29, 23, 10.1097/WNP.0b013e318246ae46 Miller, 2014, Acute and longitudinal changes in motor cortex function following mild traumatic brain injury, Brain Inj, 1 Guskiewicz, 2003, Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study, JAMA, 290, 2549, 10.1001/jama.290.19.2549 Abrahams, 2014, Risk factors for sports concussion: an evidence-based systematic review, Br J Sports Med, 48, 91, 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092734 Nordström, 2014, Sports-related concussion increases the risk of subsequent injury by about 50% in elite male football players, Br J Sports Med, 48, 1447, 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093406 Corlett, 1971, Selecting operators for fine manual tasks: A study of the O'Connor Finger Dexterity Test and the Purdue Pegboard, Occup Psychol, 45, 57 Yancosek, 2009, A narrative review of dexterity assessments, J Hand Ther, 22, 258, 10.1016/j.jht.2008.11.004 Berger, 2009, Task specificity of finger dexterity tests, Appl Ergo, 40, 145, 10.1016/j.apergo.2008.01.014 Sandberg, 2011, Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery, 480 Chipchase, 2012, A checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the motor system: an international consensus study, Clin Neurophysiol, 123, 1698, 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.05.003 Hermens, 1999 Pearce, 2010, Comparison of corticomotor excitability during visuomotor dynamic and static tasks, J Sci Med Sport, 13, 167, 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.632 Wilson, 1993, Transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping of the motor cortex in normal subjects: The representation of two intrinsic hand muscles, J Neurol Sci, 118, 134, 10.1016/0022-510X(93)90102-5 Pearce, 2000, The corticomotor representation of elite racquet sport athletes, Exp Brain Res, 130, 238, 10.1007/s002219900236 Wilson, 1993, Topography of excitatory and inhibitory muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human motor cortex, Neurosci Lett, 154, 52, 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90169-L Pearce, 2013, A comparison of two methods in acquiring stimulus-response curves with transcranial magnetic stimulation, Brain Stimul, 6, 306, 10.1016/j.brs.2012.05.010 Kujirai, 1993, Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex, J Physiol, 471, 501, 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019912 Pearce, 2012, Neural conduction and excitability following a simple warm up, J Sci Med Sport, 15, 164, 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.09.001 Wilson, 1993, The muscle silent period following transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation, J Neurol Sci, 114, 216, 10.1016/0022-510X(93)90301-E Cohen, 1988 Chistyakov, 2001, Excitatory and inhibitory corticospinal responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with minor to moderate head injury, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 70, 580, 10.1136/jnnp.70.5.580 Putukian, 2009, Return to play after sports concussion in elite and non-elite athletes?, Br J Sports Med, 43, i28, 10.1136/bjsm.2009.058230