Seasonal incidence of airborne fungal allergens in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Mycopathologia et mycologia applicata - 1999
A. S. Al-Suwaine, A. H. Bahkali, S. M. Hasnain

Tóm tắt

Aerobiological studies to evaluate allergenic fungal spores in the atmosphere of Riyadh were conducted. Burkard personal volumetric sampler were operated as volumetric ‘viable’ spore traps at two different sites (Al-Batha, a more developed area in the south and Al-Ulia, a less developed area in the north) in Riyadh. Twice a week samplings were carried out over a period of 12 month. The seasonal fluctuations of the most frequent fungi were plotted as ‘major’ components. The dominant species at the two sites were members of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium and Ulocladium. Drechslera, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Stachybotrytis species were minor components or sporadic. Seasonal variations of the total colonies were significantly (p < 0.05) different. They showed higher concentrations in the winter season and the lowest in summer. The Al-Batha site was always higher in spore concentrations than the Al-Ulia site. The results provide valuable information for the diagnosis and prophylaxis of allergic diseases due to airborne fungi.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Al-Doory Y, Domson, JF, Howard, WA Sly RM. Airborne fungi and pollens of the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. Ann Allergy 1980; 45: 360–366.

Al-Doory Y, Domson JF Best J. Further studies of the airborne fungi and pollens of the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. Ann Allergy 1982; 49: 265–269.

Beaumont F, Kauffman HF, Van Der Markt H, Sluiter HJ, De Vries K. Volumetric aerobiological survey of conidial fungi in the north-east Netherlands. Allergy 1985; 40: 173–180.

Larsen LS. A three-year survey of micro fungi in the air of Copenhagen 1977–1979. Allergy 1981; 36: 15–22.

Vanbreuseghem R, Nolard N. Variations des spores fongiques dans l'air durant les dix dernieres annees en Belgique. Bulletin et Memoires de l'Academie Royal de Medecine de Belgique 1985; 140: 147–158.

Wilken-Jensen K, Gravesen S. Atlas of Moulds in Europe Causing Respiratory Allergy. Copenhagen, Denmark: Foundation for Allergy Research in Europe, 1984.

Ebner, MR, Haselwandter K, Frank A. Seasonal fluctuations of airborne fungal allergens. Mycol Res 1989; 92: 170–176.

Dreborg S, Agrell B, Foucard N, Kjellman M, Koivikko A, Nilsson S. A double-blind, multicenter immunotherapy trial in children, using a purified and standardized Cladosporium herbarum preparation. Allergy 1986; 41: 131–140.

Miles RM, Parker JL, Jones RT, Dahalberg MJ, Yunginger JW. Studies on Alternaria allergens. IV. Biologic activity of purified Alternaria fraction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983; 71: 36–39.

Huffman D, Kozak P, Gillman S, Cummins L, Gallup J. Isolation of spore specific allergens from Alternaria. Ann Allergy 1981; 46: 310–315.

Nilsson S. General Biology, collecting methods & prevalence of moulds in Europe. In: Foucard T, Dreborg S, eds. Mould Allergy Workshop. Uppsala, Sweden: Pharmacia, 1984: 13–34.

Licorich K, Novey HS, Kozak P, Fairshter RD, Wilson AF. Role of Alternaria and Penicillium spores in the pathogenesis of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985; 76: 819–825.

Hasnain SM, Wilson JD, Newhook FJ. Fungi and disease: Fungal allergy and respiratory disease. New Zeland Medical J 1985; 8: 342–346.

Fradkin A, Tobin RS. Skin testing with extracts of fungal species derived from homes of allergy clinic patients in Toronto, Canada. Clin Allergy 1988; 18: 45–52.

Cosentio S, Pisano PL, Fadda ME, Palmas F. Pollen and mold allergy: aerobiologic survey in the atmosphere of Cagliari, Italy (1986–1988). Ann Allergy 1990; 65: 393–400.

Moustafa AF, Susan MK. A study of fungal spore population in the atmosphere of Kuwait. Mycopathologia 1976; 59: 29–35.

Hasnain SM, Al-Frayh A, Thorogood R, Harfi H. Seasonal periodicities of fungal allergens in the atmosphere of Riyadh. Ann Saudi Medicine 1989; 9: 337–343.

Al-Frayh A, Hasnain SM, Wilson JD, Al-Harfi HA. Fungal allergens in the atmosphere of Riyadh, a preliminary communication. Ann Saudi Medicine 1988; 8: 248–251.

Al-Suwaine AS. A study of airborne viable fungi in Riyadh and their possible role as aero-allergens. M.Sc. thesis, Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh. 104 pp. 1992.

Ellis MB. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Kew, Commonwealth Mycological Institute 1971.

Turner PD. The fungal air spora of Hong Kong as determined by the agar plate method. Trans B Mycol Soc 1966; 49: 256.

Lumpkins ED, Corbit SL. Airborne fungi survey II. Cultureplate survey of home environment. Ann Allergy 1976; 36: 40.

Hariri AR, Ghahary AM, N, Kimberlin C. Airborne fungal spores in Ahwaz, Iran. Ann Allergy 1978; 40: 349–352.

Youssef AY, El-Din AK. Airborne spores of opportunistic fungi in the atmosphere of Cairo, Egypt. Grana 1988; 27: 89–92.

Lavetin E, Horowitz L. A one year survey of the airborne molds of Tulsa, Oklahoma, I. Outdoor survey. Ann Allergy 1978; 41: 216–224.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Mycopathologia et mycologia applicata

Thông tin tác giả