Seasonal dynamics in leaf viromes of grapevines depicting leafroll syndrome under tropical condition
Tóm tắt
Among the grapevine viral diseases, grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) complex is widespread and causes huge economic losses worldwide. The disease is incited by several viruses referred as grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs), either individually or in combinations. Conventional ELISA and real-time PCR assays have shown the seasonal fluctuation in GLRaV titers in temperate and sub-tropical regions. The present study employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of ribo-depleted total RNA pool to study seasonal fluctuations in the entire viral population of two grapevine cultivars grown in Pune, India, which showed leafroll syndrome and were collected during September 2019, December 2019, and March 2020. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) was found to be the predominant GLRaV in both the cultivars. Besides, 11 grapevine viruses/viroids and two mycoviruses were identified among which grapevine polerovirus 1 (GPoV-1) was reported for the first time in India. In total, 33 viral/viroidal genomes were recovered across seasons and cultivars. Relative titers of grapevine fleck virus and grapevine virus L were validated in cvs. Fantasy Seedless and Manjari Medika, through real-time PCR assays, respectively, while GLRaV-3 titer was determined in both the cultivars. In general, viral titers including GLRaV-3 were lower in December and higher in September and March and this corresponded to the observed symptoms. However, the viroidal titers during December were similar to that of September/March. Based on the results, leaf sampling during September and March is suggested for reliable detection of grapevine viruses in tropical regions.
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