Seasonal development and ecology of anthocorids (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae)

Entomological Review - Tập 89 Số 5 - Trang 501-528 - 2009
А. Х. Саулич1, Dmitry L. Musolin1
1St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abdel-Rahman, H.A., Shaumar, N.F., Soliman, Z.A., and El-Agoze, M.M., “Biological Studies on the Anthocorid Bug, Xylocoris flavipes (Reut.),” Bull. Soc. Entomol. d’Egypte, No. 61, 45–51 (1977).

Akramovskaya, E.G., “On the Biology of Some Predaceous Bugs of the Family Anthocoridae in the Ararat Depression, Armenia,” Biol. Zh. Armenii 31(9), 959–964 (1978).

Anderson, N.H., “Anthocoridae of the Pacific Northwest with Notes on Distribution, Life Histories, and Habits (Heteroptera),” Canad. Entomol. 94, 1325–1334 (1962a).

Anderson, N.H., “Bionomics of Six Species of Anthocoris (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in England,” Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 114(3), 67–95 (1962b).

Anderson, N.H., “Growth and Fecundity of Anthocoris spp. Reared on Various Prey (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae),” Entomol. Exp. Appl. 5, 40–52 (1962c).

Anderson, N.H., “Studies on Overwintering of Anthocoris (Hem., Anthocoridae),” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 98(1), 13 (1962d).

Arbogast, R.T., “Population Growth of Xylocoris flavipes: Influence of Temperature and Humidity,” Environ. Entomol. 4(5), 825–831 (1975).

Arbogast, R.T., Flaherty, B.R., and Press, J.W., “Demography of the Predaceous Bug Xylocoris sordidus (Reuter), Amer. Midland Naturalist 109(2), 398–405 (1983).

Argolo, V.M., Bueno, V.H.P., and Silveira, L.C.P., “Influência do fotoperíodo na reprodução e longevidade de Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), Neotrop. Entomol. 31(2), 257–261 (2002).

Asanova, R.B. and Iskakov, B.V., Harmful and Beneficial Heteropterans of Kazakhstan (Kainar, Alma-Ata, 1977) [in Russian].

Atakan, A., “Associations between Frankliniella spp. and Orius niger Populations in Cotton,” Phytoparasitica 34(3), 221–234 (2006).

Aukema, B. and Rieger, C., “Preface,” in Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic region. Vol. 2. Cimicomorpha, Ed. by B. Aukema and C. Rieger (The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, 1996), p. 7.

Austreng, M.P. and Sømme, L., “Fauna of Predatory Bugs (Heteroptera, Miridae and Anthocoridae) in Norwegian Apple Orchards,” Fauna Norv. Ser. B 27, 3–8 (1980).

Bahşi, S.Ü. and Tunç, I., “Development, Survival and Reproduction of Orius niger (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) under Different Photoperiod and Temperature Regimes,” Biocontrol Sci. Tech. 18(8), 767–778 (2008).

Baniameri, V., Soleiman-Nejadian, E., and Mohaghegh, J., “Life Table and Age-Dependent Reproduction of the Predatory Bug Orius niger Wolff (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) at Three Constant Temperatures: a Demographic Analysis,” Appl. Entomol. Zool. 40(4), 545–550 (2005).

Barber, G.W., “Orius insidiosus (Say), an Important Natural Enemy of the Corn Ear Worm,” U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 504, 1–24 (1936).

Beck, S.D., Insect Photoperiodism, 2nd ed., (Acad. Press, N.Y., 1980).

Blum, B., Ehlers, R., Haukeland-Salinas, S., et al., “Biocontrol Agents: Safety and Regulatory Policy,” BioControl 48, 177–184 (2003).

Bogachev, A.V., “Predators and Parasites of the American Bollworm,” Trudy Krymskogo Filiala Akad. Nauk SSSR 2, 31–60 (1951).

Bonnemaison, L. and Missonnier, J., “Le psylle du Poirier (Psylla pyri L.). Morphologie et biologie. Méthodes de lutte,” Ann. Epiphyt. 7(2), 263–331 (1956).

Carayon, J. and Steffan, J.R., “Observations sur le régime alimentaire des Orius et particuliérement d’Orius pallidicornis (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae),” Cah. Nat. Bull. Nat. Parisiens (N.S.) 15, 53–63 (1959).

Carnero, A., Pena, M.A., Perez-Padron, F., et al., “Bionomics of Orius albidipennis and Orius limbatus,” IOBC Bull. Integrated Control in Glasshouses 16(2), 27–30 (1993).

Carvalho, A.R., Bueno, V.H., Pedroso, E.C., et al., “Influence of Photoperiod on Orius thyestes Herring (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Reproduction and Longevity,” Neotrop. Entomol. 35(4), 489–492 (2006).

Chacko, J., “Observations on Some Natural Enemies of Pineus sp. (Hem.: Adelgidae) at Shillong (Meghalaya), India, with Special Reference to Tetraphleps raoi Ghauri (Hem.: Anthocoridae),” Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Bull., No. 16, 41–46 (1973).

Chelnokova, T.A., “Biology of the Predaceous Bug Orius niger (Wolff) of the Family Anthocoridae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) in the Middle Volga Area,” Nauch. Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Gos. Ped. Inst. 199, 81–87 (1977).

Cho, J.R., Kim, J.H., Lee, M., and Kim, H.S., “Induction and Termination of the Reproductive Diapause in the Minute Pirate Bug Orius strigicollis Poppius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae),” J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 8(2), 167–174 (2005).

Chu, Y., “On the Bionomics of Lyctocoris beneficus (Hiura) and Xylocoris galactinus (Fieber) (Anthocoridae, Heteroptera),” J. Fac. Agric. Kyushu Univ. 15(1), 1–136 (1969).

Chyzik, R., Klein, M., and Ben-Dov, Y., “Overwintering Biology of the Predatory Bug Orius albidipennis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in Israel,” Biocontrol Sci. Tech. 5(3), 287–296 (1995).

Cobben, R.H., “Biotaxonomische Einzelheiten über Niederlandische Wanzen (Hemiptera, Heteroptera),” Tijdschr. Entomol. 101, 1–46 (1958).

Cobben, R.H., Evolutionary Trends in Heteroptera. Part I. Eggs, Architecture of the Shell, Gross Embryology and Eclosion (Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, 1968).

Collyer, E., “On the Ecology of Anthocoris nemorum (L.) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera), Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. London. Ser. A. Gen. Entomol. 42(7–9), 107–118 (1967).

Elkassabany, N., Ruberson, J.R., and Kring, T.J., “Seasonal Distribution and Overwintering of Orius insidiosus (Say) in Arkansas,” J. Entomol. Sci. 31(1), 76–88 (1996).

Elov, E.S., “Biology of the Predaceous Bug Orius niger,” Izv. Akad. Nauk Tadzh. SSR Biol. Nauki, No. 2, 37–44 (1976).

Furubayashi, Y., Kakimoto, K., and Noda, T., “Effect of Temperature on Reproductive Diapause of Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), Kyushu Plant Prot. Res. 49, 101–105 (2003) [in Japanese].

Gillespie, D.R. and Quiring, D.M.J., “Extending Seasonal Limits on Biological Control,” IOBC/WPRS Bull. 16(2), 43–45 (1993).

Glenister, C.S., “Predatory Heteropterans in Augmentative Biological Control: an Industry Perspective,” in Predatory Heteroptera: Their Ecology and Use in Biological Control, ed. by M. Coll and J.R. Ruberson (Entomol. Soc. Amer., Lanham, 1998), pp. 199–208.

Hall, D.W., “Observations on the Distribution, Habits and Life History of the Bug Piezostethus galactinus (Fieb.) (Hem., Anthocoridae),” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 87, 45–52 (1951).

Herard, F. and Cheng, K., “Ecology of Anthocoris nemorum (L.) (Het.: Anthocoridae) and Evaluation of Its Potential Effectiveness for Biological Control of Pear Psylla,” Agronomie 5(10), 855–863 (1985).

Herring, J.L., “The Genus Orius of the Western Hemisphere (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae),” Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59, 1093–1109 (1966).

Hertzel, G., “Zur Phänologie und Fortpflanzungsbiologie einheimischer Pentatomiden-Arten (Heteroptera),” Entomol. Nachr. Ber. 26(2), 69–72 (1982).

Hill, A.R., “The Biology of Anthocoris nemorum (L.) in Scotland (Hemiptera, Anthocoridae),” Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 109, 379–394 (1957).

Hill, A.R., “The Biology of Anthocoris sarothamni Douglas and Scott in Scotland (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae),” Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 113(3), 41–54 (1961).

Hill, A.R., “The Seasonal Distribution of Anthocoris spp. (Hem., Cimicidae) in a Deciduous Wood in West Central Scotland,” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 113, 139–146 (1977).

Hodek, I., “Termination of Adult Diapause in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) in the Field,” Entomol. Exp. Appl. 14(2), 212–222 (1971).

Hodgson, C.J. and Aveling, C., “Anthocoridae,” in Aphids: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Vol. B, Ed. by A.K. Minks and P. Harrewijn (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988), pp. 279–292.

Hodgson, C.J. and Mustafa, M.T., “Aspects of Chemical and Biological Control of Psylla pyricola Förster in England,” SROP/WPRS Bull. 7(5), 330–353 (1984).

Honek, A. and Hodek, I., “A Diapause of Chrysopa carnea (Chrysopidae, Neuroptera) Females in the Field,” Věst. Čs. Spol. Zool. 37, 95–100 (1973).

Horn, K.F., Farrier, M.H., and Wright, C.G., “Some Mortality Factors Affecting Eggs of the Sycamore Lace Bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say) (Hemiptera: Tingidae)”, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 76, 262–265 (1983).

Horton, D.R., Lewis, T.M., and Broers, D.A., “Ecological and Geographic Range Expansion of the Introduced Predator Anthocoris nemoralis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in North America: Potential for Nontarget Effects?,” Amer. Entomol. 50(1), 18–30 (2004).

Horton, D.R., Lewis, T.M., Hinojosa, T., and Broers, D.A., “Photoperiod and Reproductive Diapause in the Predatory Bugs Anthocoris tomentosus, A. antevolens, and Deraeocoris brevis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Miridae) with Information on Overwintering Sex Ratios,” Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 91(1), 81–86 (1998).

Isenhour, D.J. and Marston, N.L., “Seasonal Cycles of Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in Missouri Soybeans,” J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 54(1), 129–142 (1981).

Ito, K. and Nakata, T., “Diapause and Survival in Winter in Two Species of Predatory Bug, Orius sauteri and O. minutus,” Entomol. Exp. Appl. 89, 271–276 (1998a).

Ito, K. and Nakata, T., “Effect of Photoperiod on Reproductive Diapause in the Predatory Bugs, Orius sauteri (Poppius) and O. minutus (Linnaeus) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)”, Appl. Entomol. Zool. 33(1), 115–120 (1998b).

Ito, K. and Nakata, T., “Geographical Variation of Photoperiodic Response in the Females of a Predatory Bug, Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from Northern Japan,” Appl. Entomol. Zool. 35(1), 101–105 (2000).

Izhevskii, S.S. and Akhatov, A.K., Protection of Greenhouse Plants from Pests: Species Identification, Census Methods, Biology and Morphology, Harmfulness, and Control. A Reference Book (KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 1999) [in Russian].

Kakimoto, K., Hinomoto, N., and Noda, T., “Responses of Three Orius Species Collected in Kagoshima to Different Rearing Temperatures and Photoperiods,” Japan. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 47, 19–28 (2003).

Kerzhner, I.M. and Elov, E.S., “Bugs of the Genus Xylocoris Duf., Subgenus Proxylocoris Carayon (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae) in the Fauna of the USSR and Adjacent Countries,” Entomol. Obozr. 55(2), 364–368 (1976).

Kim, J.-H., Lee, G.-S., Kim, Y.-H., and Yoo, J.-K., “Species Composition of Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Their Seasonal Occurrence on Several Plants in Korea,” Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 40(3), 211–217 (2001).

Kiman, Z.B. and Yeargan, K.V., “Development and Reproduction of the Predator Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Reared on Diets of Selected Plant Material and Arthropod Prey,” Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 78, 464–467 (1985).

Kingsley, P.C. and Harrington, B.J., “Factors Influencing Termination of Reproductive Diapause in Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae),” Environ. Entomol. 11, 461–462 (1982).

Kiranova, D.M., “Biology and Economic Significance of the Predatory Bug Orius albidipennis Reut.,” Trudy Sredneaz. Gos. Univ. 53(17), 149–164 (1954).

Kobayashi, T. and Osakabe, M., “Pre-Winter Copulation Enhances Overwintering Success of Orius Females (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), Appl. Entomol. Zool. 44(1), 47–52 (2009).

Kohno, K., “Photoperiodic Effect on Incidence of Reproductive Diapause in Orius sauteri and O. minutus (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae), Appl. Entomol. Zool. 32(4), 644–648 (1997).

Kohno, K., “Thermal Effects on Reproductive Diapause Induction in Orius sauteri (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae),” Appl. Entomol. Zool. 33(4), 487–490 (1998).

Korinek, V.V., “Fauna of True Bugs—Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Khoper State Reserve,” Trudy Khoper. Gos. Zapov., No. 1, 174–218 (1940).

Koštál, V., “Ecophysiological Phases of Insect Diapause,” J. Insect Physiol. 52, 113–127 (2006).

Krishnaswamy, S. and Yaseen, M.I., “Hemiptera: Anthocoridae,” in Studies on Predators of Adelges spp. in the Himalayas ed. by V. P. Rao and M. A. Ghani (Misc. Publ. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control, 1972), No. 3, pp. 4–14.

Lattin, J.D., “Bionomics of the Anthocoridae,” Ann. Rev. Entomol. 44, 207–231 (1999).

Lattin, J.D., “Minute Pirate Bugs (Anthocoridae),” in Heteroptera of Economic Importance, ed. by C.W. Schaefer and A.R. Panizzi (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2000), pp. 607–637.

Lattin, J.D., Asquith, A., and Booth, S., “Orius minutus (Linnaeus) in North America (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae),” J. New York Entomol. Soc. 97, 409–416 (1989).

Lukouressis, D.P. and Perdikis, D.C., “The Phenology and Abundance of Certain Species of Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) that Occur in Greece,” Israel J. Entomol. 31, 47–54 (1997).

McAvoy, T.J., Zilahi-Balogh, G.M.G., Salom, S.M., et al., “Development and Feeding of Tetraphleps galchanoides, a Predator of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid,” Biol. Control 52, 339–350 (2007).

Musolin, D.L. and Ito, K., “Photoperiodic and Temperature Control of Nymphal Development and Induction of Reproductive Diapause in Two Predatory Orius Bugs: Interspecific and Geographic Differences,” Physiol. Entomol. 33(4), 291–301 (2008).

Musolin, D.L. and Saulich, A.Kh., “Photoperiodic Control of Seasonal Development in Bugs (Heteroptera),” Entomol. Obozr. 75(3), 489–506 (1996) [Entomol. Review 76 (7), 849–864 (1996)].

Musolin, D.L., Tsytsulina, K., and Ito, K., “Photoperiodic and Temperature Control of Reproductive Diapause Induction in the Predatory Bug Orius strigicollis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and Its Implications for Biological Control,” Biol. Control 31, 91–98 (2004).

Nagai, K., “Integrated Control of Thrips palmi Karny on Eggplants in Open Field with Orius sauteri (Poppius),” IOBC Bull. 16(2), 117–120 (1993).

Nakashima, Y. and Hirose, Y., “Winter Reproduction and Photoperiodic Effects on Diapause Induction of Orius tantillus (Motschulsky) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), a Predator of Thrips palmi,” Appl. Entomol. Zool. 32(2), 403–405 (1997).

Nakashima, Y., Uefune, M., Tagashira, E., et al., “Cage Evaluation of Augmentative Biological Control of Thrips palmi with Wollastoniella rotunda in Winter Greenhouses,” Entomol. Exp. Appl. 110, 73–77 (2004).

Niemczyk, E., “Orius minutus (L.) (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae): the Occurrence in Apple Orchards, Biology and Effect of Different Food on the Development,” Bull. Entomol. Pologne 48, 203–209 (1978).

Parajulee, M.N. and Phillips, T.W., “Laboratory Rearing and Field Observations of Lyctocoris campestris (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), a Predator of Stored-Product Insects,” Anna. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 85(6), 736–743 (1992).

Parajulee, M.N. and Phillips, T.W., “Seasonal Abundance and Spatial Patterns of the Predator Lyctocoris campestris in Stored Corn,” Entomol. Exp. Appl. 75(1), 33–42 (1995).

Parker, N.J.B., “An Investigation of Reproductive Diapause in Two British Populations of Anthocoris nemorum (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae),” J. Entomol. A 49(2), 173–178 (1975).

Parker, N.J.B., “A Method for Mass Rearing the Aphid Predator Anthocoris nemorum,” Ann. Appl. Biol. 99, 217–223 (1981).

Parker, N.J.B., “Biology and Bionomics in Scotland of Anthocoris gallarum-ulmi,” Ecol. Entomol. 9, 55–67 (1984).

Parshley, H.M., “On Some Hemiptera from Western Canada,” Univ. Michigan Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. 71, 1–355 (1919).

Péricart, J., “Hémiptéres, Anthocoridae, Cimicidae et Microphysidae de l’Ouest Paléarctique,” in Faune de l’Europe et du Basin Méditerranéen, No. 7 (Paris, 1972).

Péricart, J., “Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836—Flower Bugs, Minute Pirate Bugs,” in Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2. Cimicomorpha ed. by B. Aukema and C. Rieger (The Netherlands Entomological Society, Wageningen, 1996), pp. 108–140.

Ramakers, P.M.J., “Possibilities for Biological Control of Thrips tabaci Lind. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Glasshouse,” Med. Fac. Landbouw. Rijksuniv. Gent 43, 463–469 (1978).

Ruberson, J.R., Bush, L., and Kring, T.J., “Photoperiodic Effect on Diapause Induction and Development in the Predator Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae),” Environ. Entomol. 20, 786–789 (1991).

Ruberson, J.R., Kring, T.J., and Elkassabany, N., “Overwintering and the Diapause Syndrome of Predatory Heteroptera,” in Predatory Heteroptera: Their Ecology and Use in Biological Control, ed. by M. Coll and J.R. Ruberson (Entomol. Soc. Amer., Lanham, 1998), pp. 49–69.

Ruberson, J.R., Shen, Y.J., and Kring, T.J., “Photoperiodic Sensitivity and Diapause in the Predator Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae),” Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 93(5), 1123–1130 (2000).

Russo, A., Cocuzza, G.E., and Vasta, M.C., “Life Tables of Xylocoris flavipes (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Feeding on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae),” J. Stored Products Res. 40(1), 103–112 (2004).

Ruth, J. and Dwumfour, E.F., “Laboruntersuchungen zur Eignung einiger Blattlausarten als Beute der räuberischen Blumenwanze Anthocoris gallarum-ulmi (DeG.) (Het., Anthocoridae),” J. Appl. Entomol. 108(4), 321–327 (1989).

Sands, W.A., “The Immature Stages of Some British Anthocoridae (Hemiptera),” Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 109(10), 295–310 (1957).

Saprykin, A.A., “The Use of Predaceous Anthocorid Bugs in Biological Plant Protection,” in Phytosanitary Support of Steady Development of Agroecosystems: Proc. Int. Conf. (Orel, 2008), pp. 286–288.

Saulich, A.Kh. and Musolin, D.L., “Times of Year. The Diversity of Seasonal Adaptations and Ecological Mechanisms Controlling Seasonal Development of Heteroptera in Temperate Climate,” Trudy Biol. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. SPbGU 53, 25–106 (2007a).

Saulich, A.Kh. and Musolin, D.L., Seasonal Development of Aquatic and Semiaquatic Bugs (Heteroptera) (St. Petersburg Univ., 2007b) [in Russian].

Saulich, A.Kh. and Volkovich, T.A., Ecology of Insect Photoperiodism (St. Petersburg Univ., 2004) [in Russian].

Schuh, R.T. and Slater, J.A., True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History (Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, 1995).

Shima, K., An Ecological Study on the Predator, Wollastoniella rotunda (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) with Special Reference to Its Effectiveness as a Possible Control Agent of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Glasshouse in Japan during the Winter, MSc Thesis, Kyushu University, 1997.

Shima, K. and Hirose, Y., “Effect of Temperature on Development and Survival of Wollastoniella rotunda (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), a Predator of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Appl. Entomol. Zool. 37, 405–408 (2002).

Shimizu, T. and Kawasaki, K., “Geographic Variability in Diapause Response of Japanese Orius Species,” Entomol. Exp. Appl. 98, 303–316 (2001).

Shimizu, T., Kawasaki, K., and Hinomoto, N., “Factors Limiting the Northern Distribution in Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae),” Jap. J. Entomol. 4(4), 129–141 (2001).

Silveira, L.C.P. and Bueno, V.H.P., “Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae): sensibilidade ao fotoperiodo e diapausa reprodutiva?,” Revista Brasiliera Entomol. 47(4), 631–635 (2003).

Simberloff, D. and Stiling, P., “How Risky is Biological Control?,” Ecology 77(7), 1965–1974 (1996).

Simov, N., “Distribution of Xylocoris formicetorum (Boheman, 1844) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in Bulgaria,” Acta Zool. Bulg. 54(2), 55–58 (2002).

Song, J.-H., Kang, S.-H., Lee, K.-S., and Han, W.-T., “Effect of Minute Pirate Bug, Orius strigicollis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Control of Thrips on Hot Pepper in Greenhouse,” Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 40(3), 253–258 (2001).

Southwood, T.R.E. and Leston, D., Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles (Frederick Warne and Co., London, 1959).

Southwood, T.R.E. and Scudder, G.G.E., “Larvae and Biology of Anthocoris and Other Nettle Bugs,” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 92, 313–325 (1956).

Štys, P. and Davidová-Vilimová, J., “Unusual Numbers of Instars in Heteroptera: a Review,” Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. 86, 1–32 (1989).

Thontadarya, T.S. and Rao, K.J., “Biology of Orius maxidentex Ghauri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a Predator of the Sorghum Earhead Midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillet),” Mysore J. Agric. Sci. 21(1), 27–31 (1987).

Tonks, N.V., “Annotated List of Insects and Mites Collected on Brambles in the Lower Frazer Valley, British Columbia,” Proc. Entomol. Soc. British Columbia 49, 27–28 (1953).

van de Veire, V. and Degheele, D., “Biological Control of the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in Glasshouse Sweet Peppers with Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). A Comparative Study between O. niger (Wolff) and O. insidiosus (Say),” Biocontrol Sci. Tech. 2, 281–283 (1992).

van den Meiracker, R.A.F., “Induction and Termination of Diapause in Orius Predatory Bugs,” Entomol. Exp. Appl. 73, 127–137 (1994).

van Lenteren, J.C., “Benefits and Risks of Introducing Exotic Macrobiological Control Agents in Europe,” Bulletin OEPP / EPPO Bulletin 27, 15–27 (1997).

van Lenteren, J.C., Babendreier, D., Bigler, F., et al., “Environmental Risk Assessment of Exotic Natural Enemies Used in Inundative Biological Control,” Biol. Control 48, 3–38 (2003).

van Lenteren, J.C., Bale, J., Bigler, F., et al., “Assessing Risks of Releasing Exotic Biological Control Agents of Arthropod Pests,” Ann. Rev. Entomol. 51, 609–634 (2006).

van Lenteren, J.C., Roskam, M.M., and Timmer, R., “Commercial Mass Production and Pricing of Organisms for Biological Control of Pests in Europe,” Biol. Control 10, 143–149 (1997).

von Lauenstein, G., “Untersuchungen zu Fruchtbarkeit und Eiablage der räuberischen Blumenwanze Anthocoris nemorum L. (Hem.: Heteroptera),” Z. Angew. Entomol. 83, 355–363 (1977).

Wagner, E., “Die Europäischen Arten der Gattung Orius Wolff (Hem. Het. Anthocoridae),” Notulae Entomol. 32, 22–59 (1952).

Wang, C.-L., Lee, P.-C., and Wu, Y.-J., “Field Augmentation of Orius strigicollis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) for the Control of Thrips in Taiwan,” in Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, Taipei, ROC, Exten. Bull. Vol. 500 (2001), pp. 1–9.

Wearing, C.H. and Attfield, B., “Phenology of the Predatory Bugs Orius vicinus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and Sejanus albisignata (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Otago, New Zealand, Apple Orchards,” Biocontrol Sci. Tech. 12(4), 481–492 (2002).

Yano, E., “Biology of Orius sauteri (Poppius) and Its Potential as a Biocontrol Agent for Thrips palmi Karny,” IOBC/WPRS Bull. 19, 203–206 (1996).

Yano, E., “Recent Development of Biological Control and IPM in Greenhouses in Japan,” J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 7, 5–11 (2004).

Yasunaga, T., “A Taxonomic Study of the Subgenus Heterorius Wagner of the Genus Orius Wolff from Japan (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae),” Jpn. J. Entomol. 61(1), 11–22 (1993).

Yasunaga, T., “The Flower Bug Genus Orius Wolff (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from Japan and Taiwan. Part II,” Appl. Entomol. Zool. 32, 379–386 (1997).

Yasunaga, T. and Miyamoto, S., “Three Anthocorid Species (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), Predators of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera) in Eggplant Gardens of Thailand,” Appl. Entomol. Zool. 28, 227–232 (1993).