Sea-Temperature, Breeding and Distribution in Marine Animals

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom - Tập 12 Số 2 - Trang 339-366 - 1920
J. H. Orton1
1Naturalist in the Plymouth Laboratory.

Tóm tắt

Breedingin marine animals has long been recognised in a vague way as being in some degree dependent upon sea-temperature. This attitude is well shown in Lo Bianco's last valuable contribution to our knowledge of the breeding periods of practically the whole fauna of the Gulf of Naples. In the Introduction to this work Lo Bianco (1, p. 531) gives tables of temperature observations for a number of years, but does not attempt to correlate them with the breeding periods observed. There are in the literature some observations of reproduction in particular animals being dependent upon particular temperatures, notably by Schmidt (2); but no attempt has been made, so far as I know, to show in a general way the connexion between breeding and temperature in marine animals. It is clear, however, from the writings of Appellöf that this naturalist had anticipated in his mind some of the results obtained from the experimental observations described briefly in the following pages and of the deductions made therefrom. It is believed that these experimental observations have afforded a clue which gives an insight into the way in which breeding may be correlated with temperature in a large number of marine animals, but owing to the inadequacies of breeding records and of observations on physical conditions in the sea only a brief survey has been attempted here, and a fuller discussion of the phenomena is reserved for a later work. In the following pages the extrusion of ripe ova, or the fertilisability of eggs with subsequent development, is taken as the criterion of breeding.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Jeffreys, 1863, British Conchology

Dean, 1891, Report on the European Methods of Oyster Culture, XI

Mayer, 1914, Effects of Temperature on Tropical Marine Animals, 1

26 Helland-Hansen B. . Die Austerbassins in Norwegen. Internat. Revue Hydrobiol. Hydrograph. I, 1908, p. 571.

Hjort, 1912, Chapter on General Biology. Depths of the Ocean

Helland-Hansen, 1916, Temperatur-Schwankungen des Nordatlantischen Ozeans und in der Atmosphäre

Jee, 1919, Hydrography of the English Channel, 11

Orton, 1919, Sex-phenomena in the Common Limpet (Patella vulgata), 104, 373

Dendy, 1920, Report on the Vitality and Rate of Multiplication of certain Insects under various conditions of Temperature and Moisture, 50

Semper, 1883, Animal Life, 428

Nilsson, 1914, A Contribution to the Biology of the Mackerel

Meyer, 1884, Periodische Schwankungen des Saltzgehalten im oberflaschenwassers in der Ostsee und Nordsee

Karsten, 1896, Die Physikalischen Beobachtungen an der Stationen, 145

Appellöf, 1912, Invertebrate Bottom Fauna of the Norwegian Sea and North Atlantic

Dendy, 1915, Observations on the Gametogenesis of Grantia compressa, 60, 313

Orton, 1914, Preliminary Account of a Contribution to an Evaluation of the Sea, X, 312

6 Dickson H. N. . The Movements of the Surface Waters of the North Sea. The Geographical Journal, March, 1896. 6a. — The Mean Temperature of the Surface Waters of the Sea round the British Coasts, and its Relation to the Mean Temperature of the Air. Quart. Journ. Roy. Meteorological Soc., Vol. XXV, No. 112, Oct., 1899. Table V, p. 299.

Forbes, British Mollusca, II, 195

Matthews, On the Amount of Phosphoric Acid in the Seawater off Plymouth Sound, XI, 128

Hornell, 1905, The Biological Results of the Ceylon Pearl Fishery of 1904, 1, 8

Faber, 1883, The Fisheries of the Adriatic

Hoek, 1884, Les organes de la génération de l'huître, 113

1 Bianco S. Lo . Notizie biologiche reguardanti specialmente il periodo di matur´ sessuale degli animali del golfo di Napoli. Mitt. aus der Zool. Station zu Neapel. 19 Band 4 heft. 1909.

Sars, 1904, Description of Paracartia Grani, 4, 1

Allen, 1899, Report on the Present State of Knowledge with Regard to the Habits and Migrations of the Mackerel (Scomber scomber), V

Mill, 1886, On the Temperature of the Water in the Firth of Forth, XIII, 347

Schmidt, 1909, The Distribution of the Pelagic Fry and Spawning Regions of the Gadoids in the North Atlantic from Iceland to Spain, X

12 Friele H. . The Oyster Ponds of the Coast of Norway. Beretning om den Internationale Fiskerikongres, 1898. Selskabet for de Norske Fiskeriers Fremme. Bergen, 1899, p. 188.

Dautzenberg, 1912, Mollusques. Campagne de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice, 361

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

Tập 12 Số 2

339-366

Thông tin tác giả