Screening for Cervical Cancer

Melnikow, Screening for cervical cancer with high-risk human papillomavirus testing: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force, JAMA

Kim, Screening for cervical cancer in primary care: a decision analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force, JAMA

Saslow, 2012, American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer., J Low Genit Tract Dis, 16, 175, 10.1097/LGT.0b013e31824ca9d5

Huh, 2015, Use of primary high-risk human papillomavirus testing for cervical cancer screening: interim clinical guidance., Obstet Gynecol, 125, 330, 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000669

Benard, 2012, Cervical carcinoma rates among young females in the United States., Obstet Gynecol, 120, 1117, 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31826e4609

Beavis, 2017, Hysterectomy-corrected cervical cancer mortality rates reveal a larger racial disparity in the United States., Cancer, 123, 1044, 10.1002/cncr.30507

Wang, 2004, Cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma incidence trends among white women and black women in the United States for 1976-2000., Cancer, 100, 1035, 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0142

Galic, 2012, Prognostic significance of adenocarcinoma histology in women with cervical cancer., Gynecol Oncol, 125, 287, 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.01.012

Benard, 2014, Vital signs: cervical cancer incidence, mortality, and screening—United States, 2007-2012., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 63, 1004

Andresen, 2013, Pap, mammography, and clinical breast examination screening among women with disabilities: a systematic review., Womens Health Issues, 23, e205, 10.1016/j.whi.2013.04.002

Tracy, 2013, Understanding cervical cancer screening among lesbians: a national survey., BMC Public Health, 13, 442, 10.1186/1471-2458-13-442

Peitzmeier, 2014, Female-to-male patients have high prevalence of unsatisfactory Paps compared to non-transgender females: implications for cervical cancer screening., J Gen Intern Med, 29, 778, 10.1007/s11606-013-2753-1

Moyer, 2012, Screening for cervical cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement, Ann Intern Med, 156, 880, 10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-00424

Owens, 2016, Use of decision models in the development of evidence-based clinical preventive services recommendations: methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force., Ann Intern Med, 165, 501, 10.7326/M15-2531

Sankaranarayanan, 2009, HPV screening for cervical cancer in rural India., N Engl J Med, 360, 1385, 10.1056/NEJMoa0808516

Insinga, 2004, Diagnoses and outcomes in cervical cancer screening: a population-based study., Am J Obstet Gynecol, 191, 105, 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.01.043

Ronco, 2010, Efficacy of human papillomavirus testing for the detection of invasive cervical cancers and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomised controlled trial., Lancet Oncol, 11, 249, 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70360-2

Ogilvie, 2017, HPV for cervical cancer screening (HPV FOCAL): Complete round 1 results of a randomized trial comparing HPV-based primary screening to liquid-based cytology for cervical cancer., Int J Cancer, 140, 440, 10.1002/ijc.v140.2

Leinonen, 2012, Detection rates of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions within one screening round of primary human papillomavirus DNA testing: prospective randomised trial in Finland., BMJ, 345, e7789, 10.1136/bmj.e7789

Canfell, 2017, Cervical screening with primary HPV testing or cytology in a population of women in which those aged 33 years or younger had previously been offered HPV vaccination: results of the Compass pilot randomised trial., PLoS Med, 14, e1002388, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002388

Ronco, 2006, Human papillomavirus testing and liquid-based cytology in primary screening of women younger than 35 years: results at recruitment for a randomised controlled trial., Lancet Oncol, 7, 547, 10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70731-8

Ronco, 2006, Human papillomavirus testing and liquid-based cytology: results at recruitment from the new technologies for cervical cancer randomized controlled trial., J Natl Cancer Inst, 98, 765, 10.1093/jnci/djj209

Ronco, 2008, Results at recruitment from a randomized controlled trial comparing human papillomavirus testing alone with conventional cytology as the primary cervical cancer screening test., J Natl Cancer Inst, 100, 492, 10.1093/jnci/djn065

Ogilvie, 2018, Effect of screening with primary cervical HPV testing vs cytology testing on high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia at 48 months: the HPV FOCAL randomized clinical trial., JAMA, 320, 43, 10.1001/jama.2018.7464

Naucler, 2007, Human papillomavirus and Papanicolaou tests to screen for cervical cancer, N Engl J Med, 357, 1589, 10.1056/NEJMoa073204

Elfström, 2014, Long term duration of protective effect for HPV negative women: follow-up of primary HPV screening randomised controlled trial., BMJ, 348, g130, 10.1136/bmj.g130

Kitchener, 2008, The psychosocial impact of human papillomavirus testing in primary cervical screening—a study within a randomized trial., Int J Gynecol Cancer, 18, 743, 10.1111/ijg.2008.18.issue-4

Kitchener, 2009, ARTISTIC: a randomised trial of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in primary cervical screening., Health Technol Assess, 13, 1, 10.3310/hta13510

Kitchener, 2009, HPV testing in combination with liquid-based cytology in primary cervical screening (ARTISTIC): a randomised controlled trial., Lancet Oncol, 10, 672, 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70156-1

Rijkaart, 2012, Human papillomavirus testing for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer: final results of the POBASCAM randomised controlled trial., Lancet Oncol, 13, 78, 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70296-0

C Kitchener, 2014, The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of primary human papillomavirus cervical screening in England: extended follow-up of the ARTISTIC randomised trial cohort through three screening rounds., Health Technol Assess, 18, 1, 10.3310/hta18230

McCaffery, 2004, Testing positive for human papillomavirus in routine cervical screening: examination of psychosocial impact., BJOG, 111, 1437, 10.1111/bjo.2004.111.issue-12

Ronco, 2014, Efficacy of HPV-based screening for prevention of invasive cervical cancer: follow-up of four European randomised controlled trials., Lancet, 383, 524, 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62218-7

Zorzi, 2017, A 3-year interval is too short for re-screening women testing negative for human papillomavirus: a population-based cohort study., BJOG, 124, 1585, 10.1111/1471-0528.14575

Katki, 2011, Cervical cancer risk for women undergoing concurrent testing for human papillomavirus and cervical cytology: a population-based study in routine clinical practice., Lancet Oncol, 12, 663, 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70145-0

Castle, 2011, Variable risk of cervical precancer and cancer after a human papillomavirus-positive test., Obstet Gynecol, 117, 650, 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318209da59

Gage, 2015, Age-stratified 5-year risks of cervical precancer among women with enrollment and newly detected HPV infection., Int J Cancer, 136, 1665, 10.1002/ijc.v136.7

Gage, 2014, Reassurance against future risk of precancer and cancer conferred by a negative human papillomavirus test., J Natl Cancer Inst, 106, dju153, 10.1093/jnci/dju153

Katki, 2013, Five-year risks of CIN 3+ and cervical cancer among women who test Pap-negative but are HPV-positive., J Low Genit Tract Dis, 17, S56, 10.1097/LGT.0b013e318285437b

Katki, 2013, Benchmarking CIN 3+ risk as the basis for incorporating HPV and Pap cotesting into cervical screening and management guidelines., J Low Genit Tract Dis, 17, S28, 10.1097/LGT.0b013e318285423c

Ibáñez, 2014, Protecting the underscreened women in developed countries: the value of HPV test., BMC Cancer, 14, 574, 10.1186/1471-2407-14-574

Demarco, 2017, Risks of CIN 2+, CIN 3+, and cancer by cytology and human papillomavirus status: the foundation of risk-based cervical screening guidelines., J Low Genit Tract Dis, 21, 261, 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000343

Dijkstra, 2016, Safety of extending screening intervals beyond five years in cervical screening programmes with testing for high risk human papillomavirus: 14 year follow-up of population based randomised cohort in the Netherlands., BMJ, 355, i4924, 10.1136/bmj.i4924

Castle, 2018, Effect of several negative rounds of human papillomavirus and cytology co-testing on safety against cervical cancer: an observational cohort study., Ann Intern Med, 168, 20, 10.7326/M17-1609

Coldman, 2016, Disease detection and resource use in the safety and control arms of the HPV FOCAL cervical cancer screening trial., Br J Cancer, 115, 1487, 10.1038/bjc.2016.368

Cook, 2015, Comparison of the Roche cobas® 4800 and Digene Hybrid Capture® 2 HPV tests for primary cervical cancer screening in the HPV FOCAL trial., BMC Cancer, 15, 968, 10.1186/s12885-015-1959-5

Ogilvie, 2010, A randomized controlled trial of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical cancer screening: trial design and preliminary results (HPV FOCAL Trial)., BMC Cancer, 10, 111, 10.1186/1471-2407-10-111

Bulkmans, 2004, POBASCAM, a population-based randomized controlled trial for implementation of high-risk HPV testing in cervical screening: design, methods and baseline data of 44,102 women., Int J Cancer, 110, 94, 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0215

Luyten, 2014, Early detection of CIN3 and cervical cancer during long-term follow-up using HPV/Pap smear co-testing and risk-adapted follow-up in a locally organised screening programme., Int J Cancer, 135, 1408, 10.1002/ijc.v135.6

Petry, 2013, Accuracy of colposcopy management to detect CIN3 and invasive cancer in women with abnormal screening tests: results from a primary HPV screening project from 2006 to 2011 in Wolfsburg, Germany., Gynecol Oncol, 128, 282, 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.10.017

Dinkelspiel, 2012, Screening history preceding a diagnosis of cervical cancer in women age 65 and older., Gynecol Oncol, 126, 203, 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.04.037

Fox, 1999, The effect of hysterectomy on the risk of an abnormal screening Papanicolaou test result., Am J Obstet Gynecol, 180, 1104, 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70601-0

Pearce, 1996, Cytopathological findings on vaginal Papanicolaou smears after hysterectomy for benign gynecologic disease., N Engl J Med, 335, 1559, 10.1056/NEJM199611213352103

Committee on Practice Bulletins—Gynecology, 2016, Practice Bulletin No. 168: cervical cancer screening and prevention., Obstet Gynecol, 128, e111, 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001708

Melnikow, 2018, Screening for Cervical Cancer With High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing: A Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force: Evidence Synthesis No. 158

Kim, 2018, Screening for Cervical Cancer in Primary Care: A Decision Analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force, 10.1001/jama.2017.19872

National Center for Health Statistics, 2016, Health, United States, 2015: With Special Feature on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

Freeman, 2005, Excess Cervical Cancer Mortality: A Marker for Low Access to Health Care in Poor Communities

Vesco, 2011, Screening for Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force: Evidence Synthesis No. 86

Kulasingam, 2011, Screening for Cervical Cancer: A Decision Analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force

National Cancer Institute (NCI). Cancer Stat Facts: cervical cancer. NCI website. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cervix.html. Accessed June 28, 2018.

Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Human papillomavirus (HPV) ACIP vaccine recommendations. CDC website. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/hpv.html. Accessed June 28, 2018.

Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: human papillomavirus disease. National Institutes of Health website. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/4/adult-and-adolescent-oi-prevention-and-treatment-guidelines/343/hpv. Accessed June 28, 2018.

American Cancer Society (ACS). Cervix at a glance. ACS website.https://cancerstatisticscenter.cancer.org/#!/cancer-site/Cervix. Accessed June 28, 2018.

Healthy People 2020. Cancer objectives. HealthyPeople.gov website. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/cancer/objectives. Updated June 18, 2018. Accessed June 28, 2018.

American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). Clinical preventive service recommendation: cervical cancer. AAFP website. https://www.aafp.org/patient-care/clinical-recommendations/all/cervical-cancer.html. 2018. Accessed June 28, 2018.