Sàng lọc và giới thiệu không đủ: một nghiên cứu định tính về các rào cản tiếp cận và sử dụng dịch vụ sức khỏe tâm thần ở bệnh nhân mắc bệnh tim mạch

BMC Health Services Research - Tập 21 - Trang 1-11 - 2021
C. M. Collopy1, S. M. Cosh1, P. J. Tully2
1School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
2Freemasons Centre for Men’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

Tóm tắt

Bệnh tim mạch (CVD) thường xuất hiện đồng mắc với các rối loạn sức khỏe tâm thần, dẫn đến tiên lượng tim mạch kém hơn. Dù tỷ lệ mắc triệu chứng trầm cảm và lo âu cao, cũng như có các hướng dẫn khuyến cáo sàng lọc trầm cảm định kỳ và giới thiệu bệnh nhân, tỷ lệ tiếp cận chăm sóc sức khỏe tâm thần ở bệnh nhân CVD vẫn còn thấp. Các lý do cho việc không sử dụng dịch vụ sức khỏe tâm thần và tâm lý của nhóm bệnh nhân này vẫn chủ yếu chưa được biết đến. Mười ba bệnh nhân CVD có triệu chứng tâm lý lâm sàng đáng kể (trầm cảm, lo âu và/hoặc căng thẳng) đã tham gia vào các cuộc phỏng vấn sâu một-một theo kiểu bán cấu trúc. Dữ liệu được phân tích bằng phương pháp phân tích chủ đề theo hướng cảm ứng. Các rào cản trong việc tiếp cận bao gồm thời điểm giới thiệu và sàng lọc, với bệnh nhân báo cáo rằng họ cần theo dõi lâu dài. Việc thiếu thông tin và sự hiểu biết về sức khỏe tâm thần và các dịch vụ, đặc biệt là sau các sự kiện tim mạch, cũng là những rào cản khác. Sự không muốn báo cáo về sức khỏe tâm thần hoặc tham gia vào các dịch vụ cũng đã được xác định, với bệnh nhân chỉ ra rằng họ ưa thích các mạng lưới hỗ trợ đồng đẳng không chính thức. Một loạt rào cản thực tiễn như di chuyển, giao thông và chi phí cũng được báo cáo. Theo dõi lâu dài và đánh giá sức khỏe tâm thần định kỳ có thể là hữu ích để thuận lợi cho việc sử dụng dịch vụ sức khỏe tâm thần. Việc nâng cao kỹ năng cho các nhà thực hành trong lĩnh vực sức khỏe tâm thần có thể là một phương tiện khác để thúc đẩy việc cung cấp thông tin và tăng cường việc sử dụng dịch vụ. Việc tập trung vào việc củng cố hỗ trợ đồng đẳng không chính thức có thể là một phương pháp tiếp cận ban đầu quý giá cho nhóm bệnh nhân CVD. Các tác động trong việc cải thiện dịch vụ và nâng cao việc sử dụng dịch vụ sẽ được thảo luận.

Từ khóa

#bệnh tim mạch #sức khỏe tâm thần #rào cản #tiếp cận dịch vụ #hỗ trợ đồng đẳng

Tài liệu tham khảo

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