Sclérose en plaques : les nouvelles approches physiopathologiques

Lassmann, 2018, Multiple Sclerosis Pathology, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 8, 10.1101/cshperspect.a028936 Trapp, 1998, Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 338, 278, 10.1056/NEJM199801293380502 Ferguson, 1997, Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions, Brain, 120, 393, 10.1093/brain/120.3.393 Charcot, 1880 Prineas, 1993, Multiple sclerosis: remyelination of nascent lesions, Ann Neurol, 33, 137, 10.1002/ana.410330203 Kutzelnigg, 2005, Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis, Brain, 128, 2705, 10.1093/brain/awh641 Kutzelnigg, 2007, Widespread demyelination in the cerebellar cortex in multiple sclerosis, Brain Pathol, 17, 38, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2006.00041.x Cifelli, 2002, Thalamic neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis, Ann Neurol, 52, 650, 10.1002/ana.10326 Haider, 2014, Multiple sclerosis deep grey matter: the relation between demyelination, neurodegeneration, inflammation and iron, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 85, 1386, 10.1136/jnnp-2014-307712 Bø, 2003, Subpial demyelination in the cerebral cortex of multiple sclerosis patients, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 62, 723, 10.1093/jnen/62.7.723 Moll, 2008, Cortical demyelination in PML and MS: Similarities and differences, Neurology, 70, 336, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000284601.54436.e4 Frischer, 2009, The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains, Brain, 132, 1175, 10.1093/brain/awp070 Misu, 2013, Presence of six different lesion types suggests diverse mechanisms of tissue injury in neuromyelitis optica, Acta Neuropathol, 125, 815, 10.1007/s00401-013-1116-7 Bauer, 2015, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), Acta Neuropathol, 130, 751, 10.1007/s00401-015-1471-7 Fischer, 2013, Disease-specific molecular events in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions, Brain, 136, 1799, 10.1093/brain/awt110 Hammond, 2008, Quantitative in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of multiple sclerosis at 7 Tesla with sensitivity to iron, Ann Neurol, 64, 707, 10.1002/ana.21582 Absinta, 2013, Seven-tesla phase imaging of acute multiple sclerosis lesions: a new window into the inflammatory process, Ann Neurol, 74, 669, 10.1002/ana.23959 Gaitán, 2014, Perivenular brain lesions in a primate multiple sclerosis model at 7-tesla magnetic resonance imaging, Mult Scler, 20, 64, 10.1177/1352458513492244 Dal-Bianco, 2015, Veins in plaques of multiple sclerosis patients - a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study at 7 Tesla, Eur Radiol, 25, 2913, 10.1007/s00330-015-3719-y Mainero, 2009, In vivo imaging of cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis using ultra-high field MRI, Neurology, 73, 941, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181b64bf7 Nielsen, 2013, Contribution of cortical lesion subtypes at 7T MRI to physical and cognitive performance in MS, Neurology, 81, 641, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a08ce8 Filippi, 1998, Detecting new lesion formation in multiple sclerosis: the relative contributions of monthly dual-echo and T1-weighted scans after triple-dose gadolinium, Eur Neurol, 40, 146, 10.1159/000007971 Werring, 2000, The pathogenesis of lesions and normal-appearing white matter changes in multiple sclerosis: a serial diffusion MRI study, Brain, 123, 1667, 10.1093/brain/123.8.1667 Wuerfel, 2004, Changes in cerebral perfusion precede plaque formation in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal perfusion MRI study, Brain, 127, 111, 10.1093/brain/awh007 Absinta, 2015, Direct MRI detection of impending plaque development in multiple sclerosis, Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2, e145, 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000145 Vellinga, 2008, Pluriformity of inflammation in multiple sclerosis shown by ultra-small iron oxide particle enhancement, Brain, 131, 800, 10.1093/brain/awn009 Tourdias, 2012, Assessment of disease activity in multiple sclerosis phenotypes with combined gadolinium- and superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging, Radiology, 264, 225, 10.1148/radiol.12111416 Maarouf, 2016, Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide enhancement is associated with higher loss of brain tissue structure in clinically isolated syndrome, Mult Scler, 22, 1032, 10.1177/1352458515607649 Mishra, 2016, Myeloid cells - targets of medication in multiple sclerosis, Nat Rev Neurol, 12, 539, 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.110 Geissmann, 2010, Unravelling mononuclear phagocyte heterogeneity, Nat Rev Immunol, 10, 453, 10.1038/nri2784 Gordon, 2005, Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity, Nat Rev Immunol, 5, 953, 10.1038/nri1733 Sorokin, 2010, The impact of the extracellular matrix on inflammation, Nat Rev Immunol, 10, 712, 10.1038/nri2852 Agrawal, 2013, Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer shows active perivascular cuffs in multiple sclerosis, Brain, 136, 1760, 10.1093/brain/awt093 Tran, 1998, Immune invasion of the central nervous system parenchyma and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, but not leukocyte extravasation from blood, are prevented in macrophage-depleted mice, J Immunol, 161, 3767, 10.4049/jimmunol.161.7.3767 Gordon, 2010, Alternative activation of macrophages: mechanism and functions, Immunity, 32, 593, 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.05.007 Xue, 2014, Transcriptome-based network analysis reveals a spectrum model of human macrophageactivation, Immunity, 40, 274, 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.01.006 Howell, 2010, Activated microglia mediate axoglial disruption that contributes to axonal injury in multiple sclerosis, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181f3a5b1 Prineas, 2001, Immunopathology of secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis, Ann Neurol, 50, 646, 10.1002/ana.1255 Vogel, 2013, Macrophages in inflammatory multiple sclerosis lesions have an intermediate activation status, J Neuroinflammation, 10, 35, 10.1186/1742-2094-10-35 Peferoen, 2015, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 74, 48, 10.1097/NEN.0000000000000149 El-Behi, 2011, The encephalitogenicity of T(H)17 cells is dependent on IL-1- and IL-23-induced production of the cytokine GM-CSF, Nat Immunol, 12, 568, 10.1038/ni.2031 Politis, 2012, In vivo imaging of the integration and function of nigral grafts in clinical trials, Prog Brain Res, 200, 199, 10.1016/B978-0-444-59575-1.00009-0 van Noort, 2011, Preactive multiple sclerosis lesions offer novel clues for neuroprotective therapeutic strategies, CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 10, 68, 10.2174/187152711794488566 Kooi, 2012, Heterogeneity of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: clinical and pathologic implications, Neurology, 79, 1369, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826c1b1c Liu, 2001, Immunomodulatory effects of interferon beta-1a in multiple sclerosis, J Neuroimmunol, 112, 153, 10.1016/S0165-5728(00)00403-3 Hussien, 2004, Multiple sclerosis: expression of CD1a and production of IL-12p70 and IFN-gamma by blood mononuclear cells in patients on combination therapy with IFN-beta and glatiramer acetate compared to monotherapy with IFN-beta, Mult Scler, 10, 16, 10.1191/1352458504ms979oa Weber, 2007, Mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in treatment of multiple sclerosis, Neurotherapeutics, 4, 647, 10.1016/j.nurt.2007.08.002 Luessi, 2015, FTY720 (fingolimod) treatment tips the balance towards less immunogenic antigen-presenting cells in patients with multiple sclerosis, Mult Scler, 21, 1811, 10.1177/1352458515574895 Michell-Robinson, 2015, Effects of fumarates on circulating and CNS myeloid cells in multiple sclerosis, Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 3, 27, 10.1002/acn3.270 Coles, 2006, The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy, J Neurol, 253, 98, 10.1007/s00415-005-0934-5 Mahad, 2008, Mitochondrial defects in acute multiple sclerosis lesions, Brain, 131, 1722, 10.1093/brain/awn105 Campbell, 2011, Mitochondrial DNA deletions and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis, Ann Neurol, 69, 481, 10.1002/ana.22109 Mahad, 2015, Pathological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis, Lancet Neurol, 14, 183, 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70256-X Stys, 2012, Will the real multiple sclerosis please stand up?, Nat Rev Neurosci, 13, 507, 10.1038/nrn3275 Haider, 2016, The topograpy of demyelination and neurodegeneration in the multiple sclerosis brain, Brain, 139, 807, 10.1093/brain/awv398