Schwindel und Stürze im Alter
Tóm tắt
Störungen der Gleichgewichtsfunktion im Alter werden in den kommenden Jahren aufgrund der demographischen Veränderungen in Deutschland zunehmen. Neben einer Verminderung der Lebensqualität der betroffenen Patienten ist das Risiko, Stürze zu erleiden im Alter erhöht. Auf morphologischer Ebene lassen sich altersspezifische Modifikationen der peripheren vestibulären Strukturen, der Somatosensorik und des Visus nachweisen, wie degenerative Veränderungen, eine Reduktion der Zellzahl und der Rezeptoren oder eine Lipofuszinakkumulation. Eine gestörte Gleichgewichtsfunktion im Alter ist ein individuell unterschiedliches, komplexes Geschehen, das sich auf der Basis altersphysiologischer, degenerativer Veränderungen im Bereich der Bestandteile des gleichgewichtserhaltenden sensomotorischen Systems entwickelt und im Zusammenhang mit vestibulären und nichtvestibulären Begleiterkrankungen sowie seelischen Faktoren entstehen kann.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alidina A, Lyon MJ (1990) Aging rat vestibular ganglion: I. Quantitative light microscopic evaluation. Am J Otolaryngol 11: 174–181
Alvarez Méndez JC, Díaz C, Suárez C et al. (1998) The effects of aging on the volume of human vestibular nuclei. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 49: 97–105
Anniko M Develompent of otoconia (1980) Am J Otolaryngol 1: 400–410
Basta D, Todt I, Ernst A (2005) Normative data for P1/N1-latencies of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials induced by air- or bone-conducted tone bursts. Clinical Neurophysiology 116: 2216–2219
Bolton CF, Winkelman RK, Dyck PJ (1966) A quantitative study of Meissner‚s corpuscles in man. Neurology 16: 1–9
Brandt T, Dieterich M, Strupp M (2004) Vertigo. Darmstadt: Steinkopff
Brantberg K, Granath K, Schart N (2007) Age-related changes in vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Audiol Neurotol 12: 247–253
Bronstein A, Lempert T (2006) Dizziness. A practical approach to diagnosis and management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Burke JM, Sarna T, Simon JD (2004) Age-related changes in the photoreactivity of retinal lipofuscin granules: role of chloroform-insoluble components. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45: 1052–1060
Campos A, Cannizares FJ, S’anchez-Quevedo MC, Romero PJ (1990) Otoconial degeneration in the aged utricule and saccule. Adv Otolaryngol 45: 143–153
Cauna N, Mannan G (1958) The structure of human digital pacinian corpuscles (corpuscula lamellosa) and its functional significance. J Anat 92: 1–20
Claussen CF (1992) Der schwindelkranke Patient. Grundlagen der Neurootologie und Äquilibrometrie. Verlag Medizin und Pharmazie, Hamburg
Demografischer Wandel in Deutschland (2008) Auswirkungen auf Krankenhausbehandlungen und Pflegebedürftige im Bund und in den Ländern Herausgeber: Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, Heft 2
Demografischer Wandel in Deutschland (2007) Bevölkerungs- und Haushaltsentwicklung im Bund und in den Ländern Herausgeber: Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, Heft 1
Di Fabio RP, Seay R (1997) Use of the „fast evaluation of mobility, balance, and fear“ in elderly community dwellers: validity and reliability. Phys Ther 77: 904–917
Dieterich M, Eckhardt-Henn A (2004) Neurologische und somatoforme Schwindelsyndrome. Nervenarzt 75: 281–302
Dorey CK, Wu G, Ebenstein D et al. (1989) Cell loss in the aging retina. Relationship to lipofuscin accumulation and macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30: 1691–1699
Englander F, Hodson TJ, Teregrossa RA (1996) Economic dimensions of slip and fall injuries. J Forensic Sci 41: 733–746
Erway L, Grider A jr (1984) Zinc metabolism in lethal-milk mice. Otolith, lactation and aging effects. J Hered 75: 480–484
Erway LC, Purichia NA, Netzler ER et al. (1986) Genes, manganese and zinc in formation of otoconia: labeling, recovery and maternal effects. Scanning Electron Microsc 4: 1681–1694
Fernández JA, Suárez C, Navarro A et al. (2007) Aging in the vestibular nuclear complex of the male golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): anatomic and morphometric study. Histol Histopathol 22: 855–868
Fujii M, Goto N, Kikuchi K (1990) Nerve fiber analysis and the aging process of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 99: 863–870
Füsgen I (1998) Vertigo-Schwindel. Symptomatik, Diagnostik und Therapie beim älteren Patienten. MMV Medien & Medizin, München
Hauer K, Lamb SE, Jorstad EC et al. (Prevention of Falls Network Europe) Group (2006) Systematic review of definitions and methods of measuring falls in randomised controlled fall prevention trials. Age Ageing 35: 5–10
Huygen PLM, Fischer AJEM, Kuijpers W (1986) The vestibular functions of the manganese-deficient rats. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 101: 19–26
Icks A, Becker C, Kunstmann W (2005) Sturzprävention bei Senioren: eine interdisziplinäre Aufgabe. Dtsch Arztebl 102: 2150–2152
Igarashi M, Saito R, Mizukoshi K, Alford BR (1993) Otoconia in young and elderly persons: a temporal bone study. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 504: 26–29
Jacobson GP, Newman CW (1990) Development of the dizziness handicap inventory. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 116: 424–427
Jang YS, Hwang CH, Shin JY et al. (2006) Age-related changes on the morphology of the otoconia. Laryngoscope 116: 996–1001
Johnson LG, Hawkins jr JE (1972) Sensory and neural degeneration with aging, as seen in microdissection of the human inner ear. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 81: 179–193
Johnson LG, Hawkins jr JE (1969) Nerve degeneration and vascular changes in Corti’s Organ based on surface preparations of the human cochlea. Proceedings of the IX International (World) Congress of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Excerpta Medica, Karger, Basel
Judge JO, Whipple RH, Wolfson LI (1994) Effects of resistive and balance exercises on isokinetic strength in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 42: 937–946
Kawamata S, Igarashi Y (1995) Growth and turnover of rat otoconia as revealed by labelling with tetracycline. Anat Rec 242: 259–266
Kaye JA, Oken BS, Howieson DB (1994) Neurologic evaluation of the optimally oldest healthy old. Arch Neurol 51: 1205–1211
Kröhnert S, van Olst N, Klingholz R (2004) Deutschland 2020. Die demografische Zukunft der Nation. Berlin-Institut für Weltbevölkerung und globale Entwicklung. http://www.berlin-institut.org, Stand 30.06.2008
Lim DJ (1973) Formation and fate of the otoconia. Ann Otol 82: 23–35
Lim DJ (1980) Morphogenesis and malformation of otoconia: a review. Birth defects 16: 111–146
Lim DJ (1983) Otoconia in health and disease: a review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 112: 12–24
Lins U, Farina M, Kurc M et al. (2000) The otoconia of the guinea pig utricle: internal structure, surface exposure, and interactions with the filament matrix. J Struct Biol 131: 67–78
Lopez I, Honrubia V, Baloh RW (1997) Aging and the human vestibular nucleus. J Vestib Res 7: 77–85
Lord SR (2006) Visual risk factors for falls in older people. Age Ageing Suppl 2: 42–45
Lyon MJ, King JM (1997) Aging rat vestibular ganglion: II. Quantitative electron microscopic evaluation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 106: 753–758
Mazurek B, Stöver T, Haupt H et al. (2008) Die Entstehung und Behandlung der Presbyakusis. HNO 56(4): 429–345
McMurdo ME, Gaskell A (1991) Dark adaption and falls in elderly. Gerontology 37: 221–224
Morisawa Y (1998) Morphological study of mechanoreceptors on the coracoacromial ligament. J Orthop Sci 3: 102–110
Morawiec-Bajda A, Gryczynski M (2000) Function of sensimotor equilibrium function in elderly patients on the basis of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (m.p.p.w.). Otolaryngol Pol 54: 685–489
Mulch G, Petermann W (1979) Influence of age on results of vestibular function tests. Review of literature and presentation of caloric test results. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 88: 1–17
Nagai Y, Goto N, Goto J et al. (1999) Morphometric nerve fiber analysis and aging process of the human vestibular nerve. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 76: 95–100
Nikolaus T (2005) Gang, Gleichgewicht und Stürze. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 130: 957–966
Nikolaus T (2005) Gang, Gleichgewicht und Stürze-Funktionsbeurteilung, Diagnostik und Prävention. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 130: 931–964
Ochi K, Ohashi T (2003) Age-related changes in the vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 129: 655–659
Park JC, Hubel SB, Woods AD (1987) Morphometric analysis and fine structure of the vestibular epithelium of aged C57BL/6NNia mice. Hear Res 28: 87–96
Pickard CM, Sullivan PE, Allison GT, Singer KP (2003) Is there a difference in hip joint position sense between young and older groups? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58: 631–635
Poulain I, Giraudet G (2008) Age-related changes of visual contribution in posture control. Gait posture 27(1): 1–7 [Epub 2007 Apr 17]
Powell LE, Myers AM (1995) The acitivies-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 50: 28–34
Rauch SD, Velazquez-Villaseñor L, Dimitri PS, Merchant SN (2001) Decreasing hair cell counts in aging humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 942: 220–227
Rosenhall, W Rubin (1975) Degenerative changes in the human vestibular sensory epithelia. Acta Otolaryngol 79: 67–80
Ross MD, Johnson LG, Peacor D, Lawrence FA (1976) Observations in normal and degeneration human otoconia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 82: 310–326
Ross MD, Peacor DR (1975) The nature and crystal growth of otoconia. Ann Otol 84: 22–36
Ross MD, Pote KG (1984) Some properties of otoconia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 304: 445–452
Ross MD (1979) Calcium ion uptake and exchange in otoconia. Adv Oto-Rhino-Laryngol 25: 26–33
Rózanowska M, Pawlak A, Rózanowski B et al. (2004) Age-related changes in the photoreactivity of retinal lipofuscin granules role of chloroform-insoluble components. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45: 1052–1060
Salo PT, Hogervorst T, Sceratian IH et al (2002) Selective joint denervation promotes knee osteoarthritis in the aging rat. J Orthop Res 20: 1256–1264
Schaaf H (2007) Psychotherapie bei Schwindelerkrankungen, 2. Aufl. Asanger, Kröningen
Schaaf H (2007) Morbus Menière. Ein psychosomatisch orientierter Leitfaden, 5. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
Schwartz S, Segal O, Barkana Y et al. (2005) The effect of cataract surgery on postural control. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46: 920–924
Shaffer SW, Harrison AL (2007) Aging of the somatosensory system: a translational perspective. Phys Ther 87: 193–207
Sharpe JA, Sylvester TO (1978) Effect of aging on horizontal smooth pursuit. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 17: 465–468
Shrader RE, Erway LC, Hurley LS (1973) Mucopolysaccharide synthesis in the developing inner ear of manganese-deficient and pallid mutant mice. Teratology 8: 257–266
Spooner JW, Sakala SM, Baloh RW (1980) Effect of aging on eye tracking. Arch Neurol 37: 575–576
Stevens JA, Corso PS, Finkelstein EA, Miller TR (2006) The costs of fatal and non-fatal falls among older adults. Injury Prevention 12: 290–295
Swash M, Fox KP (1972) The effect of age on human skeletal muscle: studies of the morphology and innervation of muscle spindles. Neurol Sci 16: 417–432
Thalmann R, Ignatova E, Kachar B et al. (2001) Development and maintenance of otoconia: biochemical considerations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 942: 162–178
Tinetti ME (2003) Preventing falls in elderly persons. N Engl J Med 348: 42–29
van der Laan FL, Oosterveld WJ (1974) Age and vestibular function. Aerospace Med 5: 540–547
Vibert D, Kompis M, Häusler R (2003) Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in older women may be related to osteoporosis and osteopenia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 112: 885–889
von Brevern M, Radtke A, Lezius F et al. (2007) Epidemiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. A population-based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78: 710–715
Wall III C, Black FO, Hunt AE (1984) Effects of age, sex and stimulus parameters upon vestibulo-ocular responses to sinusoidal rotation. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 98: 270–278
Walther LE (2005) Wiederherstellende Verfahren bei gestörtem Gleichgewicht. Laryngorhinootologie 84(1): 70–91
Walther LE, Westhofen M (2007) Presbyvertigo-aging of otoconia and vestibular sensory cells. J Vestib Res 17: 89–92
Welgampola MS, Colebatch JG (2001) Vestibulocollic reflexes: normal values and the effect of age. Clin Neurophysiol 112: 1971–1979
Whitney SL (2000) Management of the elderly Person with vestibular Dysfunktion. In: Herdman SJ (ed) Vestibular rehabilitation. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, pp 510–533