Khóa học thông qua chuẩn hóa nghề nghiệp? - Về tác động tín hiệu của bằng cấp trong nước và nước ngoài

Marvin Bürmann1
1Fakultät für Soziologie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Deutschland

Tóm tắt

Bài báo nghiên cứu tác động của mức độ chuẩn hóa nghề nghiệp đến khả năng của người lao động làm việc trong các vị trí có yêu cầu cao hơn, mặc dù họ có bằng cấp không đạt yêu cầu. Dựa trên Dữ liệu từ Tổ chức Khảo sát Kinh tế Xã hội, bài báo lần đầu tiên cho thấy rằng tình trạng thiếu hụt bằng cấp chính thức ở những người lao động có bằng cấp nghề nghiệp là hiếm gặp hơn khi nghề nghiệp đó có mức độ chuẩn hóa cao hơn. Trái với kỳ vọng lý thuyết, hiệu ứng này không được phát hiện ở những người lao động không có bằng cấp nghề nghiệp. Khi việc tiếp cận tới các nghề nghiệp được chuẩn hóa cao được thực hiện dù thiếu bằng cấp, khả năng làm việc ở các vị trí cao hơn ít nhất cũng tương đương so với trong các nghề nghiệp có mức độ chuẩn hóa thấp. Tổng thể, mức độ chuẩn hóa có ảnh hưởng tương tự đối với tình trạng thiếu hụt bằng cấp ở người nhập cư như ở những người không có nền tảng nhập cư. Tuy nhiên, người nhập cư hiếm khi có khả năng tiếp cận các nghề nghiệp được chuẩn hóa. Điều này cho thấy rằng việc đóng kín nghề nghiệp đối với người nhập cư không chỉ do sự đóng kín nội bộ mà còn do việc tiếp cận khó khăn hơn đến các nghề nghiệp được chuẩn hóa.

Từ khóa

#chuẩn hóa nghề nghiệp #bằng cấp #thiếu hụt bằng cấp #người lao động #nhập cư #nghề nghiệp được chuẩn hóa

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