Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications

Scientific data - Tập 6 Số 1
Christopher J. Merchant1, Owen Embury1, Claire E. Bulgin1, T. Block2, Gary K. Corlett3, Emma Fiedler4, Simon Good4, Jonathan P. D. Mittaz1, Nick A Rayner4, David I. Berry5, Steinar Eastwood6, Michael Taylor1, Yoko Tsushima4, A. M. Waterfall7, Ruth Wilson8, Craig Donlon9
1Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
2Brockmann Consult GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
3National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
4Met Office, Exeter, UK
5National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Southampton, UK
6MetNo, Oslo, Norway
7Centre for Environmental Data Analysis, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, UK
8Space Connexions Ltd., Harpenden, UK
9European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands

Tóm tắt

Abstract

A climate data record of global sea surface temperature (SST) spanning 1981–2016 has been developed from 4 × 1012 satellite measurements of thermal infra-red radiance. The spatial area represented by pixel SST estimates is between 1 km2 and 45 km2. The mean density of good-quality observations is 13 km−2 yr−1. SST uncertainty is evaluated per datum, the median uncertainty for pixel SSTs being 0.18 K. Multi-annual observational stability relative to drifting buoy measurements is within 0.003 K yr−1 of zero with high confidence, despite maximal independence from in situ SSTs over the latter two decades of the record. Data are provided at native resolution, gridded at 0.05° latitude-longitude resolution (individual sensors), and aggregated and gap-filled on a daily 0.05° grid. Skin SSTs, depth-adjusted SSTs de-aliased with respect to the diurnal cycle, and SST anomalies are provided. Target applications of the dataset include: climate and ocean model evaluation; quantification of marine change and variability (including marine heatwaves); climate and ocean-atmosphere processes; and specific applications in ocean ecology, oceanography and geophysics.

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