Khai thác cát như một mối đe dọa hiện đại đối với các loài chim làm tổ trên cát: một bài tổng quan

Contemporary Problems of Ecology - Tập 16 - Trang 189-204 - 2023
M. S. Arjun1, Bibhu Prasad Panda1,2, P. R. Arun1
1Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Tamil Nadu, India
2Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry and BBRC, ITER, Siksha “O” Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Odisha, India

Tóm tắt

Sự đô thị hóa yêu cầu một lượng lớn vật liệu đầu vào, đặc biệt là cát, để đáp ứng nhu cầu của dân số ngày càng tăng thông qua hoạt động khai thác cát. Điều này đã gây ra những ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến môi trường dưới các khía cạnh vật lý, hóa học, và sinh học, chẳng hạn như sự đa dạng sinh học liên quan đến sông, đặc biệt đối với các loài cá heo sông, cá, cá sấu, rùa, rái cá và chim. Những đảo cát tạm thời trên sông với nguồn thức ăn phong phú cho chim là nơi làm tổ lý tưởng cho nhiều loài chim, như chim skimmer Ấn Độ, chim hải âu bụng đen, chim hải âu sông, chim chân to lớn, và chim đuôi đen sông. Việc khai thác cát một cách ồ ạt đang làm suy giảm nơi làm tổ của những loài chim làm tổ trên bãi cát này, điều này có thể dẫn đến sự suy giảm dân số của chúng. Việc xói mòn bất ngờ của đáy sông và bờ sông cũng có thể xảy ra do các phương pháp khai thác cực đoan. Việc sử dụng máy móc nặng cũng đã ảnh hưởng đến môi trường chung. Các khu vực ưu tiên bảo tồn có thể được xác định bằng cách sử dụng một số loài chim làm chỉ số môi trường và sinh vật mô hình cho bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học. Dữ liệu khảo sát chim lâu dài cũng có thể hữu ích cho việc theo dõi hiệu quả chất lượng môi trường sống ven sông và sự đa dạng sinh học. Tăng cường thảm thực vật ven sông tự nhiên và nâng cao nhận thức về bảo tồn trong cộng đồng địa phương có thể tạo ra tác động tích cực đến việc bảo tồn các môi trường sống này cùng với một số loài chim đang bị đe dọa.

Từ khóa

#Khai thác cát #bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học #loài chim làm tổ #sự đô thị hóa #môi trường sống ven sông

Tài liệu tham khảo

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